Polybius, Histories

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Book 27 - Chapter 9

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppomaxi%2Fan">ἱππομαχίαν</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhs">φήμης</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ni%2Fkhn">νίκην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="diaggelqei%2Fshs">διαγγελθείσης</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Flamye">ἐξέλαμψε</w> <w lemma="kaqaperei%5C">καθαπερεὶ</w> <w lemma="pu%3Dr">πῦρ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aperse%2Fa">Περσέα</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesis">διάθεσις</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29pikruptome%2Fnwn">ἐπικρυπτομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w>.
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth">τοιαύτη</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w>, <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w>, <w lemma="dia%2Fqesis:">διάθεσις·</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonti">συμβαίνοντι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="gumnikou%5Cs">γυμνικοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanh%3D">ἐπιφανῆ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29h%2Ftthton">ἀήττητον</w> <w lemma="a%29qlhth%5Cn">ἀθλητὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dnta">δοκοῦντα</w> <w lemma="sugkatasth%3D%7C">συγκαταστῇ</w> <w lemma="tapeino%5Cs">ταπεινὸς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="katadee%2Fsteros">καταδεέστερος</w> <w lemma="a%29ntagwnisth%2Fs">ἀνταγωνιστής</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="a%29pomeri%2Fzei">ἀπομερίζει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="katadeeste%2Frw%7C">καταδεεστέρῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qarrei%3Dn">θαρρεῖν</w> <w lemma="parakalei%3D">παρακαλεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunecani%2Fstatai">συνεξανίσταται</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds:">ὁρμαῖς·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yau%2Fsh%7C">ψαύσῃ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prosw%2Fpou">προσώπου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsh%7C">ποιήσῃ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="shmei%3Don">σημεῖον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="plhgh%3Ds">πληγῆς</w>, <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fntwn">ἁπάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%5Cn">ἀγὼν</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cs">μικρὸς</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai:">γίνεται·</w>
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<w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xleua%2Fzein">χλευάζειν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeirou%3Dsi">ἐγχειροῦσι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="misou%3Dntes">μισοῦντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="kataginw%2Fskontes">καταγινώσκοντες</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="sumpaqei%3Ds">συμπαθεῖς</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenoi">γινόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="katadeeste%2Frw%7C">καταδεεστέρῳ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="prosmeri%2Fzontes">προσμερίζοντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian:">εὔνοιαν·</w>
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<w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%2Fsh%7C">ἐπιστήσῃ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w>, <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="metati%2Fqentai">μετατίθενται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="e%29pilamba%2Fnontai">ἐπιλαμβάνονται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w>. <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fo">Ὅ</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dsai">ποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="%2Akleito%2Fmaxon:">Κλειτόμαχον·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29nuposta%2Ftou">ἀνυποστάτου</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntos">δοκοῦντος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fqlhsin">ἄθλησιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w> <w lemma="e%29pipolazou%2Fshs">ἐπιπολαζούσης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhn">οἰκουμένην</w>, <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Do%2Fn">Πτολεμαῖόν</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="filodoch%2Fsanta">φιλοδοξήσαντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="katalu%3Dsai">καταλῦσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsanta">παρασκευάσαντα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fas">φιλοτιμίας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikon">Ἀριστόνικον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pu%2Fkthn">πύκτην</w> <w lemma="e%29capostei%3Dlai">ἐξαποστεῖλαι</w>, <w lemma="dokou%3Dnta">δοκοῦντα</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pere%2Fxousan">ὑπερέχουσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan:">χρείαν·</w>
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<w lemma="paragenome%2Fnou">παραγενομένου</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnou">προειρημένου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugkatasta%2Fntos">συγκαταστάντος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29olumpi%2Fasi">Ὀλυμπίασι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleito%2Fmaxon">Κλειτόμαχον</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Foiken">ἔοικεν</w>, <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fneusan">ἀπένευσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikon">Ἀριστόνικον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Floun">παρεκάλουν</w>, <w lemma="xai%2Frontes">χαίροντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="braxu%2F">βραχύ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tetolmhke%2Fnai">τετολμηκέναι</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="sugkatasth%3Dnai">συγκαταστῆναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleito%2Fmaxon:">Κλειτόμαχον·</w>
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<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="probai%2Fnwn">προβαίνων</w> <w lemma="e%29fa%2Fmillos">ἐφάμιλλος</w> <w lemma="e%29fai%2Fneto">ἐφαίνετο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dna">ἀγῶνα</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="pou">που</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="trau%3Dma">τραῦμα</w> <w lemma="kai%2Frion">καίριον</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w>, <w lemma="kro%2Ftos">κρότος</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunece%2Fpipton">συνεξέπιπτον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w>, <w lemma="qarrei%3Dn">θαρρεῖν</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dntes">παρακαλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikon">Ἀριστόνικον</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleito%2Fmaxon">Κλειτόμαχον</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fnta">ἀποστάντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diapneu%2Fsanta">διαπνεύσαντα</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w>, <w lemma="e%29pistre%2Fyanta">ἐπιστρέψαντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="punqa%2Fnesqai">πυνθάνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenoi">βουλόμενοι</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dsi">παρακαλοῦσι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikon">Ἀριστόνικον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunagwni%2Fzontai">συναγωνίζονται</w> '<w lemma="kei%2Fnw%7C">κείνῳ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="dunatoi%2F">δυνατοί</w>,
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<w lemma="po%2Fteron">πότερον</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="sunoi%2Fdasin">συνοίδασιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dnti">ποιοῦντι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaia">δίκαια</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fqlhsin">ἄθλησιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoou%3Dsi">ἀγνοοῦσι</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="%2Akleito%2Fmaxos">Κλειτόμαχος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwni%2Fzetai">ἀγωνίζεται</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikos">Ἀριστόνικος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%2Fou">Πτολεμαίου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w>.
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<w lemma="po%2Fteron">πότερον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="boulhqei%3Den">βουληθεῖεν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29olumpi%2Fasi">Ὀλυμπίασι</w> <w lemma="ste%2Ffanon">στέφανον</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29gu%2Fption">Αἰγύπτιον</w> <w lemma="a%29pofe%2Frein">ἀποφέρειν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnqrwpon">ἄνθρωπον</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsanta">νικήσαντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>, <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%3Don">Θηβαῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiw%2Ftion">Βοιώτιον</w> <w lemma="khru%2Fttesqai">κηρύττεσθαι</w> <w lemma="nikw%3Dnta">νικῶντα</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pugmh%3D%7C">πυγμῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29po%2Fntos">εἰπόντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleitoma%2Fxou">Κλειτομάχου</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="fasi%5C">φασὶ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meta%2Fptwsin">μετάπτωσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleitoma%2Fxou">Κλειτομάχου</w> <w lemma="katagwnisqh%3Dnai">καταγωνισθῆναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristo%2Fnikon">Ἀριστόνικον</w>.
<head>Position of Perseus in Greece</head>When after the Macedonian victory the news of the cavalry engagement was spread abroad in Greece, the attachment of the people to Perseus, which had been for the most part concealed, burst forth like fire.
The state of their feelings was, I think, more or less as follows. The phenomenon was very like what happens in boxing contests at the games.
For there, when a humble and much inferior combatant is matched against a celebrated and seemingly invincible athlete, the sympathy of the crowd is at once given to the inferior man. They cheer him on, and back him up enthusiastically;
and if he manages to touch his opponent's face, and gets in a blow that leaves any mark, there is at once again the greatest excitement among them all.
They sometimes even try to make fun of the other man, not out of any dislike for him or disapproval but from a curious sort of sympathy and a natural instinct to favour the weaker.
If, however, one calls their attention at the right time to their error, they very soon change their minds and correct it.
This was what Clitomachus did, as is told. He was considered to be a quite invincible boxer, and his fames had spread over the whole world, when Ptolemy, ambitious to destroy his reputation, trained with the greatest care and sent off the boxer Aristonicus, a man who seemed to have a remarkable natural gift for this sport.
Upon this Aristonicus arriving in Greece and challenging Clitomachus at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Olympia&groupId=809&placeId=1462">Olympia</a>, the crowd, it seems, at once took the part of the former and cheered him on, delighted to see that some one, once in a way at least, ventured to pit himself against Clitomachus.
And when, as the fight continued, he appeared to be his adversary's match, and once or twice landed a telling blow, two great clapping of hands, and the crowd became delirious with excitement, cheering on Aristonicus.
At this time they say that Cleitomachus, after withdrawing for a few moments to recover his breath, turned to the crowd and asked them what they meant by cheering on Aristonicus and backing him up all they could.
Did they think he himself was not fighting fairly, or were they not aware that Cleitomachus was now fighting for the glory of Greece and Aristonicus for that of King Ptolemy?
Would they prefer to see an Egyptian conquer the Greeks and win the Olympian crown, or to hear a Theban and Boeotian proclaimed by the herald as victor in the men's boxing-match?
When Cleitomachus had spoken thus, they say there was such a change in the sentiment of the crowd that now all was reversed, and Aristonicus was beaten rather by the crowd than by Cleitomachus.