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Book 22 - Chapter 6

1
<head lang="la">B. Olymp. 148, 1. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dkon">ἧκον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="para%2F">παρά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnous">Εὐμένους</w> <w lemma="presbeutai%5C">πρεσβευταὶ</w> <w lemma="diasafou%3Dntes">διασαφοῦντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29cidiasmo%5Cn">ἐξιδιασμὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>,
2
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwneitw%3Dn">Μαρωνειτῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdes">φυγάδες</w> <w lemma="kathgorou%3Dntes">κατηγοροῦντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nafe%2Frontes">ἀναφέροντες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kptw%2Fsews">ἐκπτώσεως</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w>,
3
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqama%3Dnes">Ἀθαμᾶνες</w>, <w lemma="%2Aperraiboi%2F">Περραιβοί</w>, <w lemma="%2Aqettaloi%2F">Θετταλοί</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="komi%2Fzesqai">κομίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="parei%2Fleto">παρείλετο</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antioxiko%5Cn">Ἀντιοχικὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>.
4
<w lemma="h%28%3Dkon">ἧκον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kathgorh%2Fsantas">κατηγορήσαντας</w> <w lemma="a%29pologhso%2Fmenoi">ἀπολογησόμενοι</w>.
5
<w lemma="genome%2Fnwn">γενομένων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%2Fs">πρεσβευτάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="katasth%3Dsai">καταστῆσαι</w> <w lemma="presbei%2Fan">πρεσβείαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeyome%2Fnhn">ἐπισκεψομένην</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fcousan">παρέξουσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnois">βουλομένοις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fswpon">πρόσωπον</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="faino%2Fmenon">φαινόμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kathgorei%3Dn">κατηγορεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w>.
6
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katesta%2Fqhsan">κατεστάθησαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Finton">Κόιντον</w> <w lemma="%2Akaiki%2Flion">Καικίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkon">Μάρκον</w> <w lemma="%2Abai%2Fbion">Βαίβιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frion">Τεβέριον</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdion">Κλαύδιον</w>. — <w lemma="%2Asune%2Fbaine">Συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29ni%2Fous">Αἰνίους</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="stasia%2Fzein">στασιάζειν</w>,
7
<w lemma="prosfa%2Ftws">προσφάτως</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29poneu%2Fein">ἀπονεύειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnh">Εὐμένη</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w>.
<head>II. Affairs of Italy</head><head>Thracian affairs before the Senate</head>At the same time envoys came from King Eumenes to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> conveying the news that Philip had appropriated the Thracian cities.
The exiles from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> also arrived accusing Philip of having been the cause of their banishment,
and together with them representatives of the Athamanians, Perrhaebians, and Thessalians claiming that they should get back the towns of which Philip had despoiled them in the war with Antiochus.
Philip also sent envoys to defend himself against all these accusations.
After several discussions between all the above envoys and those of Philip, the senate decided to appoint at once a commission to visit Philip's dominions and grant a safe-conduct to all who desired to state their case against Philip face to face.
The commissioners appointed were Quintus Caecilius Metellus, Marcus Baebius Tamphilus, and Tiberius Claudius Nero.
The people of Aenus had long been at discord with each other, the one party inclining to Eumenes and the other to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
22.6.1 - 22.6.6
<p rend="Plain Text">Thracian affairs discussed by the Senate</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This compressed excerpt from de legat. gent. belongs to res Italiae of Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5. Livy, xxxix. 24. 6–14, deriving from it, includes this hearing at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> in the account of events in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> in A.U.C. 569 = 185, based on P.'s res Macedoniae of Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5; but it does not follow that P. did the same. Livy, xxxix. 23. 5–24. 4 recounts Philip's resentment after the Syrian war and his measures to strengthen <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> (see below, 18. 1–11 n.); he then continues (Livy, xxxix. 24. 5): 'rediere deinde causae quae de integro iram mouerent in Romanos. Thessalorum et Perrhaeborum querellae de urbibus suis ab eo possessis, et legatorum Eumenis regis de Thraciis urbibus per uim occupatis traductaque in Macedoniam multitudine, ita auditae erant, ut eas non neglegi satis appareret.' That and what follows clearly correspond to the present fragment (but with more detail), and (cf. p. 9) the pluperfects probably indicate that Livy has inserted in his Macedonian narrative a section borrowed from P.'s res Italiae. The interview will be winter 186/5.</p>
22.6.7 - 22.6.7
<p rend="Plain Text">Political factions in Aenus</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This fragment from Suidas may have stood before 6. 1 or within the passage of which both 6. 1–6 and Livy, xxxix. 24. 6–14, give abridged versions; see p. 9. A likely point is following Livy, xxxix. 24. 9, where envoys from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> report that Aenus too is now in Philip's hands; apparently he had worked through a faction within. Aenus (modern Enez) stood on a narrow ridge rising 130 ft above the southern (Turkish) bank of the Hebrus; nowadays it is about 2 miles from the sea. It was an Aeolian foundation, from Alopeconnesus with later colonists from Lesbos and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyme&groupId=510&placeId=960">Cyme</a>; cf. Ephorus, FGH, 70 F 39; Strabo, vii. fg. 52. See F. W. Hasluck, BSA, 1908–9, 249 ff.; Casson, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, 256–7; J. M. F. May, Ainos, its History and Coinage, 474–341 B.C. (Oxford, 1950), 1–7 (with plans).</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold">Fg. 157,</emph> if indeed it is Polybian, might stand here; see BttnerWobst, Beitrge 11, however, for doubts. </p>
Specifics
22.6.1 - 22.6.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρὰ . . . Εὐμένους πρεσβευταί</w>:</emph> Eumenes was playing the role that Attalus had played before the Second Macedonian War (cf. xvi. 24. 3 n.). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης πόλεων</w>:</emph> according to Livy (xxxix. 23. 13), following P., 'in Thracia quasdam urbes, nouae atque insuetae libertatis uitio seditionibus principum turbatas, partibus quae domestico certamine uincerentur adiungendo sese cepit', and he records the Senate's reaction to Eumenes' news (Livy, xxxix. 24. 7, omitted by P.'s excerptor): 'maxime mouerat senatum quod iam Aeni et Maroneae adfectari possessionem audierant; minus Thessalos curabant.' Despite a slight ambiguity in the present tense adfectari, the Thracian cities must be Aenus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a>, especially as the Maronean exiles reported (Livy, xxxix. 24. 9) that 'non Maroneam modo sed etiam Aenum in potestate . . . esse <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Philippi&groupId=1090&placeId=1914">Philippi</a>'. Cf. Niese, iii. 21; Walbank, Philip, 223. </p>
22.6.2 - 22.6.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">καὶ παρὰ Μαρωνειτῶν οἱ φυγάδες</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxix. 24. 9, 'et Maronitarum exules uenerant, pulsi quia libertatis causam defendissent ab regis praesidio'followed by the sentence on Philip's seizure of Aenus quoted in 6. 1 n. These were probably a faction which supported Eumenes (cf. 13. 9 n.). <milestone unit="page" n="184">[184]</milestone> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> lay 2 miles south of the modern village of that name, on the coast about 20 miles west of Alexandroupolis. It was founded from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chios&groupId=462&placeId=863">Chios</a> in the mid-seventh century; see Ps.-Scymn. 676–8; Strabo, vii. fg. 46–47; Oberhummer, RE, 'Maroneia', cols. 1912–13. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> (and Aenus) had kept Syrian garrisons till spring 189, when Q. Fabius Labeo expelled them (xxi. 44. 3 n.; Livy, xxxvii. 60. 7), and, by making an inland road the frontier, excluded Philip from both towns; cf. Livy, xxxix. 27. 10, 'derexisse finem Philippo ueterem uiam regiam, quae ad Thraciae Paroraeam subeat, nusquam ad mare declinantem'. </p>
22.6.3 - 22.6.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀθαμᾶνες, Περραιβοί, Θετταλοί</w>:</emph> much abbreviated. If Livy's order represents that in the original text of P., the Athamanian envoys were mentioned before the reference to the Maronean exiles (see last note). Livy, xxxix. 24. 8 records their arrival at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> 'non partis amissae, non finium iacturam querentes, sed totam Athamaniam sub ius iudiciumque regis uenisse'. Philip had lost <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> after seizing it (cf. xxi. 31. 4 n.), and Niese, iii. 20 n. 4, argues that Livy is in error. But according to Livy, xxxix. 25. 17, at the conference in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tempe&groupId=1015&placeId=1786">Tempe</a>, 'Athamanes libertatem repetebant et castella Athenaeum et Poetneum.' (The Athenaeum is the fortress which stands high above the gorge of the Portaikos, south-west of Porta Pazar and near H. Elias; see Leake, NG, iv. 525; Sthlin, Hell. Thess. 125 n. 3. Poetneum may be the fortress above Tyrna, some 15 km. further north up the same valley; cf. Rhomaios, <w lang="el-GR">Ἀρχ. δελτ</w>. 1919, 123–4; Sthlin, Hell. Thess. 125 n. 8.) Since a seizure of all <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> seems unlikely, the envoys perhaps alleged that Philip's possession of these fortresses controlling the Portaikos (a tributary of the Peneius) enabled him to dominate the whole country. But there may have been infiltration by troops, as in the Thracian cities, and this is more likely if <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a> was dead (he does not appear again). </p> <p rend="Plain Text">Similarly, the Thessalian and Perrhaebian envoys were probably mentioned by P. before those of Eumenes (6. 1–6 n.). As a result of the Syrian war Philip had acquired <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Demetrias&groupId=536&placeId=1006">Demetrias</a>, and several towns on the Malian coastAlope, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Larisa&groupId=669&placeId=1225">Larisa</a> Cremaste, Antron, and Pteleum (cf. Livy, xxxix. 23. 12; Walbank, Philip, 204–5); further west he held towns in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Perrhaebia&groupId=870&placeId=1569">Perrhaebia</a> and the western Thessalian plain, such as Tricca, Gomphi, Phaloria, and Malloea (cf. Livy, xxxvi. 13, 5–6, xxxix. 25. 3, 25. 16; Walbank, Philip, 202 n. 4; on the status of Aeginium see Walbank, ibid. 219 n. 2).</p>
22.6.4 - 22.6.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρὰ τοῦ Φιλίππου πρέσβεις</w>:</emph> fuller in Livy, xxxix. 24. 10–12 (based on P.). Philip's envoys claimed that all had been done with the consent of Roman generals; the Thessalian, Perrhaebian, Magnesian, and (under <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a>) Athamanian towns had taken the Aetolian side, and the consul had sent Philip to recover them as he didwhile he was occupied against Aetolia. But Livy may <milestone unit="page" n="185">[185]</milestone> also be compressed, for the words <w lang="el-GR">γενομένων . . . πλειόνων λόγων</w> (§ 5) perhaps suggest a fuller discussion (cf. xxi. 2. 4 n.). </p>
22.6.5 - 22.6.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἔδοξε . . . καταστῆσαι πρεσβείαν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxix. 24. 13, 'ne quid absente rege statueret', which shows a consideration for Philip which does not emerge from our text of P. (cf. the phrase <w lang="el-GR">παρέξουσαν ἀσφάλειαν κτλ</w>.). </p>
22.6.6 - 22.6.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κόιντον Καικίλιον . . . Μάρκον Βαίβιον . . . Τεβέριον Κλαύ?διον</w>:</emph> Livy, xxxix. 24. 13 (cf. 33. 1) has 'Q. Caecilium Metellum, M. Baebium Tamphilum, Ti. Sempronium'. Q. Caecilius Metellus was the consul of 206, M. Baebius Tamphilus the praetor of 192, later consul in 181; cf. Klebs, RE, 'Baebius (44)', cols. 2732–3; Mnzer, RE, 'Caecilius (81)', cols. 1206–7. The repetition of Ti. Sempronius' name in Livy entitles it to credence in preference to <w lang="el-GR">Τεβέριον Κλαύ?διον</w> at the end of the excerpt (though Geer, TAPA, 1938, 385 n. 10, accepts 'Claudius', taking him to be Ti. Claudius Nero, praetor 181). Ti. Sempronius could be the father of the Gracchi, who was consul in 177 and 163 (cf. Mnzer, RE, 'Sempronius (53)', cols. 1403–9), or perhaps Ti. Sempronius Longus (cos. 194) or (less probably) Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, augur from 204 to 174 (if this is indeed one man; cf. Broughton, i. 406–7 n. 4; see also Badian, Arethusa, 1968, 31–33). See Geer, loc. cit.; De Sanctis, iv. 1. 240 n. 8. Before their arrival a conference was called to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tempe&groupId=1015&placeId=1786">Tempe</a> for all states in dispute with Philip (see Livy, xxxix. 24. 14); the date is probably spring 185 (cf. Walbank, Philip, 334). </p>

Commentary