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Book 22 - Chapter 11

1
<head lang="la">C. Olymp. 148, 2. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akaiki%2Flion">Καικίλιον</w> <w lemma="a%29nakexwrhko%2Ftwn">ἀνακεχωρηκότων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fdos">Ἑλλάδος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diasesafhko%2Ftwn">διασεσαφηκότων</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w>, <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dgon">εἰσῆγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftas">παραγεγονότας</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%2Fs">πρεσβευτάς</w>.
2
<w lemma="ei%29selqo%2Fntwn">εἰσελθόντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnous">Εὐμένους</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fnou">Αἴνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwnei%2Fas">Μαρωνείας</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdwn">φυγάδων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poihsame%2Fnwn">ποιησαμένων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="a%29kolou%2Fqws">ἀκολούθως</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettaloni%2Fkh%7C">Θετταλονίκῃ</w> <w lemma="r%28hqei%3Dsin">ῥηθεῖσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akaiki%2Flion">Καικίλιον</w>,
3
<w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpein">πέμπειν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeyome%2Fnous">ἐπισκεψομένους</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="parakexw%2Frhke">παρακεχώρηκε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fa%7C">Θετταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aperraibi%2Fa%7C">Περραιβίᾳ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akaiki%2Flion">Καικίλιον</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fkrisin">ἀπόκρισιν</w>,
4
<w lemma="ei%29%3Dta">εἶτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pita%2Fcontas">ἐπιτάξοντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cs">φρουρὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ca%2Fgein">ἐξάγειν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fnou">Αἴνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwnei%2Fas">Μαρωνείας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="a%29pobai%2Fnein">ἀποβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paraqalatti%2Fwn">παραθαλαττίων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="e%29ruma%2Ftwn">ἐρυμάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>.
5
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dgon">εἰσῆγον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftas">παραγεγονότας</w>.
6
<w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pesta%2Flkeisan">ἀπεστάλκεισαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apollwni%2Fdan">Ἀπολλωνίδαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuw%2Fnion">Σικυώνιον</w> <w lemma="dikaiologhsome%2Fnous">δικαιολογησομένους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akaiki%2Flion">Καικίλιον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fkrisin">ἀπόκρισιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fcontas">διδάξοντας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedai%2Fmona">Λακεδαίμονα</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>,
7
<w lemma="e%29%2Fk">ἔκ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aspa%2Frths">Σπάρτης</w> <w lemma="%2A%29areu%5Cs">Ἀρεὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29alkibia%2Fdhs">Ἀλκιβιάδης</w> <w lemma="e%29pre%2Fsbeusan:">ἐπρέσβευσαν·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxai%2Fwn">ἀρχαίων</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdwn">φυγάδων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmenos">Φιλοποίμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="newsti%5C">νεωστὶ</w> <w lemma="kathgme%2Fnwn">κατηγμένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>.
8
<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dge">ἦγε</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhs">μεγάλης</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosfa%2Ftou">προσφάτου</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdas">φυγάδας</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergesi%2Fas">εὐεργεσίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29xaristei%3Dsqai">ἀχαριστεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katapresbeu%2Fein">καταπρεσβεύειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kathgori%2Fan">κατηγορίαν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kratou%3Dntas">κρατοῦντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nelpi%2Fstws">ἀνελπίστως</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="swsa%2Fntwn">σωσάντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katagago%2Fntwn">καταγαγόντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w>.
<head>IV. Affairs of Italy</head><head>Treatment of Grecian Affairs by the Senate</head>After Caecilius and the other commissioners had left Greece and had reported to the senate about the affairs of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> and the Peloponnesus, the envoys who had come to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> on these subjects were introduced.
The first to come in were the representatives of Philip and Eumenes and the exiles from Aenus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a>; and, upon their speaking in the same terms as they had done at Thessalonica before Caecilius,
the senate decided to send fresh legates to Philip, to see in the first place if he had evacuated the cities in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Perrhaebia&groupId=870&placeId=1569">Perrhaebia</a>, as Caecilius had stipulated in his reply to him,
and next to order him to withdraw his garrisons from Aenus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> and in general to quit all forts, places, and cities on the sea coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thrace&groupId=1030&placeId=509">Thrace</a>.
The envoys from the Peloponnesus were the next to be introduced,
the Achaeans having sent Apollonidas of Sicyon to justify themselves against Caecilius, because he had received no answer from them, and to speak in general on the affairs of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>,
and Areus and Alcibiades being the representatives of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>. These men both belonged to those old exiles who had recently been restored to their country by Philopoemen and the Achaeans; and it particularly excited the anger of the Achaeans that, after so great and recent a kindness as they had shown the exiles, they at once met with such flagrant ingratitude from them that they came on a mission against them to the ruling power and accused those who had so unexpectedly saved them and restored them to their homes.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
22.11.1 - 22.12.10
<p rend="Plain Text">Greek embassies given audience by the Senate (185/4)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt from de legat. gent., belonging to res Italiae of Ol. 148, 4 = 185/4 (see p. 11) is the basis of Livy, xxxix. 33. 1–8.</p>
Specifics
22.11.1 - 22.11.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν περὶ τὸν Καικίλιον</w>:</emph> cf. 6. 6 n. on their names. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰσῆγον</w>:</emph> sc. the consuls (omitted by the excerptor); cf. Livy, xxxix. 33. 1; they were P. Claudius (Ap.f. P.n. Pulcher) and L. Porcius (L.f. M.n. Licinus), coss. A.U.C. 570 = 184. </p>
22.11.2 - 22.11.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν ἐξ Αἴνου καὶ Μαρωνείας φυγάδων</w>:</emph> cf. 6. 2 n., 6. 7 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀκολούθως τοῖς ἐν Θετταλονίκῃ ῥηθεῖσιν</w>:</emph> cf. 10. 1 n. </p>
22.11.3 - 22.11.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἄλλους πρεσβευτάς</w>:</emph> on their leader see 12. 4 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν ἐν</w></emph> 〈 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Θετταλίᾳ καὶ</w></emph> 〉 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Περραιβίᾳ πόλεων</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxix. 33. 3, 'redditaene ciuitates Thessalis et Perrhaebis essent'. These claims had been heard earlier at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tempe&groupId=1015&placeId=1786">Tempe</a> (10. 1 n.), where the Thessalians (clearly with Roman backing) had claimed that Philip was entitled to keep the towns he had taken only if they had been originally Aetolian; hence they should have <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Philippopolis&groupId=887&placeId=1598">Philippopolis</a> (Gomphi), Tricca, Phaloria, Eurymenae, and other towns in western <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a> (Livy xxxix. 25. 16). The Perrhaebians demanded Malloea, Ericinium, and Gonnocondylus (Livy xxxix. 25. 16). For Caecilius' decision see 10. 1 n. Cf. Walbank, Philip, 227–32, for the conference at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tempe&groupId=1015&placeId=1786">Tempe</a>. </p>
22.11.4 - 22.11.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀπὸ τῶν παραθαλαττίων τῆς Θρᾴκης ἐρυμάτων καὶ τόπων καὶ πόλεων</w>:</emph> this area, probably covering the coastal strip from the Nestus to the Thracian Chersonese, had been acquired by Philip since the Romano-Syrian War. On the boundaries of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thrace&groupId=1030&placeId=509">Thrace</a>, see Strabo, vii. 7. 4, C. 323, fg. 33; Lenk, RE, 'Thrake', cols. 395–6. For Philip V's governor here see 13. 3. </p>
22.11.6 - 22.11.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀπολλωνίδαν τὸν Σικυώνιον</w>:</emph> cf. 8. 1; whether he supported Philopoemen or Aristaenus is not known; but apart from Diophanes (cf. 10. 4) there was little disagreement on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> (cf. Errington, 173). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν ἀπόκρισιν</w>:</emph> cf. 10. 13 n.; Caecilius had refused to accept the answer he got. </p>
22.11.7 - 22.11.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀρεὺς καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδης</w>:</emph> cf. 1. 9; their names suggest royal connections, Areus with the Agiad house, Alcibiades with the Eurypontid, if the Athenian Alcibiades' affair with Agis II's wife (their son was Leotychidas: Plut. Alc. 23. 7) had made the name now acceptable <milestone unit="page" n="195">[195]</milestone> in the Eurypontid house (cf. Niese, iii. 43 n.). Paus. vii. 9. 2 calls them <w lang="el-GR">δόκιμοι τὰ μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς οὐ δίκαιοι</w>, and adds that Nabis had exiled them. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν ἀρχαίων φυγάδων τῶν . . . νεωστὶ κατηγμένων</w>:</emph> cf. xxi. 1. 4 for the 'old exiles'; Philopoemen had restored them after his action at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Compasium&groupId=488&placeId=917">Compasium</a> (3. 1 n., xxi. 32 c n.). Probably Areus and Alcibiades did not speak for all the 'old exiles', but they seem to represent the city and are hardly just 'an extremist splinter group' (so Errington, 175). Evidently a change of government between 188 and 185 had brought them to power (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Shimron&groupId=19&placeId=84">Shimron</a>, Late <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, 108, 140, 146). On the proliferation of Spartan factions see xxiii. 4. </p>
22.11.8 - 22.11.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πρὸς τοὺς κρατοῦντας</w>:</emph> 'those in power' (cf. xxxviii. 3. 2) or 'the victors' (cf. iii. 4. 6, xv. 1. 13 etc.). </p>

Commentary