Polybius, Histories
Layout
Translation

Bibliography

(0)
No bibliography content available

Archaeology

Places

Book 21 - Chapter 6

1
<head lang="la">III. Res Asiae</head><w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afwkaiei%3Ds">Φωκαιεῖς</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29poleifqe%2Fntwn">ἀπολειφθέντων</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="nausi%5Cn">ναυσὶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pistaqmeuo%2Fmenoi">ἐπισταθμευόμενοι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pitaga%5Cs">ἐπιταγὰς</w> <w lemma="dusxerw%3Ds">δυσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frontes">φέροντες</w>, <w lemma="e%29stasi%2Fazon">ἐστασίαζον</w>. —
2
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Afwkaie%2Fwn">Φωκαιέων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontes">ἄρχοντες</w>, <w lemma="dedio%2Ftes">δεδιότες</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sitodei%2Fan">σιτοδείαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antioxistw%3Dn">Ἀντιοχιστῶν</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fan">φιλοτιμίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemyan">ἐξέπεμψαν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fleukon">Σέλευκον</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frois">ὅροις</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>,
3
<w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dntes">ἀξιοῦντες</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pela%2Fzein">πελάζειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fkeitai">πρόκειται</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="karadokei%3Dn">καραδοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsin">κρίσιν</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="peiqarxei%3Dn">πειθαρχεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnois">εἰρημένοις</w>.
4
<w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdioi">ἴδιοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aseleu%2Fkou">Σελεύκου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28poqe%2Fsews">ὑποθέσεως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ari%2Fstarxos">Ἀρίσταρχος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aka%2Fssandros">Κάσσανδρος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ro%2Fdwn">Ῥόδων</w>, <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Foi">ἐναντίοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="a%29poneneuko%2Ftes">ἀπονενευκότες</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hgi%2Fas">Ἡγίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ageli%2Fas">Γελίας</w>.
5
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="summica%2Fntwn">συμμιξάντων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fleukos">Σέλευκος</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ari%2Fstarxon">Ἀρίσταρχον</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hgi%2Fan">Ἡγίαν</w> <w lemma="parew%2Fra">παρεώρα</w>.
6
<w lemma="puqo%2Fmenos">πυθόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="spa%2Fnin">σπάνιν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w>, <w lemma="parei%5Cs">παρεὶς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xrhmatismo%5Cn">χρηματισμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftwn">παραγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>. —
7
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29ecelqo%2Fntes">Ἐξελθόντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Flloi">Γάλλοι</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fpwn">τύπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosthqidi%2Fwn">προστηθιδίων</w> <w lemma="e%29de%2Fonto">ἐδέοντο</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fkeston">ἀνήκεστον</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fesqai">βουλεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>. —
<head>III. Affairs of Asia</head><head>State of Phocaea</head>The Phocaeans, partly because the Romans left in the ships were quartered upon them and partly because they objected to the enforced contributions, became disaffected.
the same date the magistrates of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phocaea&groupId=891&placeId=1603">Phocaea</a>, afraid both of the excited state the people were in owing to the dearth of corn and of the active propaganda of the partisans of Antiochus, sent envoys to Seleucus, who was on the borders of their territory,
begging him not to approach the town, as it was their intention to keep quiet and await the issue of events, after which they would yield obedience to orders given them.
Of these envoys Aristarchus, Cassander and Rhodon were attached to Seleucus and his cause, while Hegias and Gelias were opposed to him and inclined to favour the Romans.
Upon their meeting him, Seleucus at once admitted the three first into his intimacy, neglecting Hegias and Gelias.
But when he heard of the excitement of the populace and the dearth of corn he advanced to the town without giving the envoys a formal audience.
Two Galli or priests of Cybele with images and pectorals came out of the town, and besought them not to resort to extreme measures against the city.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
21.6.1 - 21.6.7
<p rend="Plain Text">Affairs in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phocaea&groupId=891&placeId=1603">Phocaea</a>: Roman fleet at Sestus</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> 6. 1, 6. 2–6, and 6. 7 are from res Asiae of Ol. 147, 2 = 191/0 (above p. 5). 6. 1 and 6. 7 correspond to Livy, xxxvii. 9. 1 and 9. 9, but he <milestone unit="page" n="95">[95]</milestone> has omitted the embassy to Seleucus (6. 1–2). For the possibility that 6. 2–6 should follow 7. 1–4 see above, p. 5. </p>
Specifics
21.6.1 - 21.6.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οἱ δὲ Φωκαιεῖς</w>:</emph> on the position of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phocaea&groupId=891&placeId=1603">Phocaea</a> see v. 77. 4 n. Antiochus had occupied it, perhaps before the war (Hier. in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dan&groupId=122&placeId=359">Dan</a>. xi. 18), and in 191 the allies seized it as <w lang="el-GR">ὑπήκοος Ἀντιόχου</w> (App. Syr. 22); cf. Livy, xxxvi. 43. 11, 45. 7–8; Schmitt, Antiochos, 283. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐπισταθμευόμενοι</w>:</emph> a constant irritation; cf. xv. 24. 2 n.; Livy, xxxvii. 9. 2, 'grauia hiberna nauium erant.' </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰς ἐπιταγάς</w>:</emph> Livy, xxxvii. 9. 2 gives more details, 'graue tributum, quod togae quingentae imperatae erant cum quingentis tunicis, grauis etiam inopia frumenti, propter quam naues quoque et praesidium Romanum excessit'. </p>
21.6.2 - 21.6.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὴν σιτοδείαν</w>:</emph> see the last note for the effect of this in causing the withdrawal of the Roman ships and garrison. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πρὸς Σέλευκον</w>:</emph> the later Seleucus IV (cf. xviii. 51. 8; Schmitt, Antiochos, 20–21), who was in charge of Aeolis; cf. Livy, xxxvii. 8. 5, 'filium Seleucum in Aeolide reliquerat cum exercitu ad maritimas continendas urbes, quas illinc a Pergamo Eumenes, hinc a <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phocaea&groupId=891&placeId=1603">Phocaea</a> Erythrisque Romani sollicitabant' (before the Romans left <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phocaea&groupId=891&placeId=1603">Phocaea</a>). </p>
21.6.4 - 21.6.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀρίσταρχος κτλ</w>.:</emph> all five men are otherwise unknown, and Rhodon and Gelias are emendations by Ursinus. </p>
21.6.6 - 21.6.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρεὶς τὸν χρηματισμὸν καὶ τὴν ἔντευξιν</w>:</emph> 'without replying or granting an audience'; cf. xv. 25. 19 n. on the terminology. At the spring equinox (190) the Rhodians sent out Pausistratus with 36 ships, and C. Livius (cf. 2. 1 n.) conducted a joint fleet of 30 Roman ships and 7 Pergamene quadriremes to seize and prepare the Hellespontine crossing. From portus Achaeorum he went up to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ilium&groupId=645&placeId=1183">Ilium</a> to sacrifice, and received the deditio of Elaeus, Dardanus, and Rhoeteum. Thence he sailed to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hellespont&groupId=620&placeId=1141">Hellespont</a>, left 10 ships to blockade <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Abydus&groupId=268&placeId=523">Abydus</a>, and crossed over to attack Sestus: it was here the Galli met him (Livy, xxxvii. 9. 5–8). </p>
21.6.7 - 21.6.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Γάλλοι δύο</w>:</emph> eunuch priests of Cybele. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μετὰ τύπων καὶ προστηθιδίων</w>:</emph> cf. 35. 6; Dion. Hal. ii. 19. 4, <w lang="el-GR">τύπους . . . περικείμενοι τοῖς στήθεσι</w>; Cornutus, Theol. Graec. Comp., 6; SHA, Hel. 7. 1 (of Heliogabalus). <w lang="el-GR">τύποι</w> seem to be the same as the <w lang="el-GR">ἀγάλματα</w> worn by Anacharsis (Herod. iv. 76); they may have been in the form of an aedicula containing an image of Attis. On the garb of the Galli see Gow, JHS, 1960, 89–91; Pl. viii. 1 there shows an Antonine relief of a Gallus from the Palazzo dei Conservatori in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and on it the aedicula is very clear. But how the <w lang="el-GR">τύποι</w> and pectorals <w lang="el-GR">(προστηθίδια)</w> are distinguished is not clear. For a supposed example of one of the latter from a tumulus at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Gordium&groupId=607&placeId=1120">Gordium</a> see G. and A. Körte, JDAI, 1904, Ergnzungsheft 'Gordion', 48 and 213. In general see Cumont, RE, 'Gallos (5)', cols. 674–82. <milestone unit="page" n="96">[96]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον</w>:</emph> according to Livy, xxxvii. 9. 10 'nemo eorum uiolatus est'. After the deditio of Sestus, the Romans returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Abydus&groupId=268&placeId=523">Abydus</a> and prepared for an assault (Livy, xxxvii. 9. 11). </p>

Commentary