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Book 21 - Chapter 25

1
<head lang="la">II. Res Graeciae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amu%2Fnandros">Ἀμύνανδρος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqama%2Fnwn">Ἀθαμάνων</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>, <w lemma="dokw%3Dn">δοκῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29neilhfe%2Fnai">ἀνειληφέναι</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpempe">ἐξέπεμπε</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwnas">Σκιπίωνας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> — <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fefeson">Ἔφεσον</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> —
2
<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pologou%2Fmenos">ἀπολογούμενος</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="pepoih%3Dsqai">πεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fqodon">κάθοδον</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kathgorw%3Dn">κατηγορῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="parakalw%3Dn">παρακαλῶν</w> <w lemma="prosde%2Fcasqai">προσδέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fan">συμμαχίαν</w>.
3
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fsantes">νομίσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="eu%29fuh%3D">εὐφυῆ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amfiloxi%2Fan">Ἀμφιλοχίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aperanti%2Fan">Ἀπεραντίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nakth%2Fsasqai">ἀνακτήσασθαι</w>, <w lemma="proe%2Fqento">προέθεντο</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fein">στρατεύειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>.
4
<w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsantos">ἁθροίσαντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anika%2Fndrou">Νικάνδρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fndhmon">πάνδημον</w> <w lemma="stratia%2Fn">στρατιάν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fbalon">ἐνέβαλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amfiloxi%2Fan">Ἀμφιλοχίαν</w>.
5
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29qelonth%5Cn">ἐθελοντὴν</w> <w lemma="prosxwrhsa%2Fntwn">προσχωρησάντων</w> <w lemma="meth%3Dlqon">μετῆλθον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aperanti%2Fan">Ἀπεραντίαν</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosqeme%2Fnwn">προσθεμένων</w> <w lemma="e%28kousi%2Fws">ἑκουσίως</w> <w lemma="e%29stra%2Fteusan">ἐστράτευσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Adolopi%2Fan">Δολοπίαν</w>.
6
<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fdeican">ὑπέδειξαν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoihso%2Fmenoi">ἀντιποιησόμενοι</w>, <w lemma="thrh%2Fsantes">τηρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin:">πίστιν·</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqama%3Dnas">Ἀθαμᾶνας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>*, <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="meteno%2Fhsan">μετενόησαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fqento">προσέθεντο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%2Fs">Αἰτωλούς</w>.
7
<w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="eu%29roi%2Fas">εὐροίας</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w>, <w lemma="a%29ph%2Fgage">ἀπήγαγε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratia%5Cn">στρατιὰν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Ani%2Fkandros">Νίκανδρος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="dokw%3Dn">δοκῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29sfali%2Fsqai">ἠσφαλίσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnesi">ἔθνεσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="kakopoiei%3Dn">κακοποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>.
8
<w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="sumbebhko%2Ftwn">συμβεβηκότων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fsi">γεγονόσι</w> <w lemma="fronhmatizome%2Fnwn">φρονηματιζομένων</w>, <w lemma="prose%2Fpese">προσέπεσε</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmh">φήμη</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="gno%2Fntes">γνόντες</w> <w lemma="h%28tthme%2Fnon">ἡττημένον</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxon">Ἀντίοχον</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="a%29netra%2Fphsan">ἀνετράπησαν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="yuxai%3Ds">ψυχαῖς</w>.
9
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paragenhqei%5Cs">παραγενηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Adamote%2Flhs">Δαμοτέλης</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fggeile">ἀνήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnei">μένει</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fmonos">κατάμονος</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkou">Μάρκου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="pantelw%3Ds">παντελῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29mhxani%2Fan">ἀμηχανίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpipton">ἐνέπιπτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dihpo%2Froun">διηπόρουν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnois">ἐπιφερομένοις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>.
10
<w lemma="e%29%2Fdocen">ἔδοξεν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fous">Ῥοδίους</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpein">πέμπειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dntas">ἀξιοῦντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dntas">παρακαλοῦντας</w> <w lemma="presbeu%3Dsai">πρεσβεῦσαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraithsame%2Fnous">παραιτησαμένους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai%2F">ποιήσασθαί</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="lu%2Fsin">λύσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="periestw%2Ftwn">περιεστώτων</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Dn">κακῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w>.
11
<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemyan">ἐξέπεμψαν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fision">Ἴσιον</w> <w lemma="e%29pikalou%2Fmenon">ἐπικαλούμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afaine%2Fan">Φαινέαν</w>, <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2Axa%2Flepon">Χάλεπον</w>. <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falupon">Ἄλυπον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ambrakiw%2Fthn">Ἀμβρακιώτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alu%2Fkwpon">Λύκωπον</w>. —
<head>V. Affairs of Greece</head>Amynander, the king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a>, thinking now that he had for certainty recovered his kingdom, sent envoys to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and to the Scipios in Asia — they were still in the neighbourhood of Ephesus —
excusing himself for having to all appearance returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> with the help of the Aetolians, and also bringing accusations against Philip, but chiefly begging them to receive them once more into their alliance.
The Aetolians, thinking this a favourable opportunity for annexing Amphilochia and Aperantia, decided on an expedition to the above districts
and, Nicander their strategus having assembled their total forces, they invaded Amphilochia.
Upon most of the inhabitants joining them of their own accord, they went on to Aperantia, and when the people there also voluntarily joined them, they invaded Dolopia.
The Dolopians made a show of resistance for a short time; but, with the fate of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> and the flight of Philip before their eyes, they soon changed their minds and also joined the Aetolians.
After this unbroken series of successes Nicander took his army back to their own country, thinking that by the annexation of the above countries and peoples Aetolia was secured against damage from any quarter.
But just after these occurrences, and while the Aetolians were still elated by their success, came the news of the battle in Asia, and when they learnt that Antiochus had been utterly defeated, their spirits were again dashed.
And when now Damoteles arrived from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and announce that the state of war still subsisted, and that Marcus Fulvius Nobilior with his army was crossing to attack them, they fell into a state of utter helplessness, and were at their wits\' end as to how they should meet the danger which threatened them.
They decided, then, to send to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> begging and imploring those states to send embassies to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> to deprecate the anger of the Romans, and to avert by some means the evils that encompassed Aetolia.
At the same time they dispatched to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> two envoys of their own, Alexander the Isian and Phaeneas accompanied by Chalepus, Alypus of Ambracia and Lycopus.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
21.25.1 - 21.25.11
<p rend="Plain Text">Events in Aetolia and western Greece (189)</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> Res Graeciae of Ol. 147, 3 = 190/89; cf. Livy, xxxviii. 3. 1–8. For the earlier events of this section of P. (now lost) see Livy, xxxviii. 1–2, <milestone unit="page" n="118">[118]</milestone> describing <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a>'s recovery of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a>, with Aetolian help, from Philip, and Philip's unsuccessful attempt to get it back (Walbank, Philip, 213–14). These events belong to winter 190/89. </p>
Specifics
21.25.1 - 21.25.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀμύνανδρος . . . βασιλεύς</w>:</emph> the excerptor's words. See xx. 1 n., 10. 5 n. Philip had seized <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a>, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a> had fled to Ambracia in spring 191 (Livy, xxxvi. 14. 7–9; Walbank, Philip, 203–4). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀνειληφέναι βεβαίως</w>:</emph> the arrogance of Philip's praefecti caused a movement in favour of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a> (Livy, xxxviii. 1. 2–3, following P.). The coup was carried out by concerted action from four points, supported by <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amynander&groupId=324&placeId=631">Amynander</a>'s arrival with 1,000 Aetolians. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ τὴν Ἔφεσον</w>:</emph> shortly after <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a> (Livy, xxxviii. 3. 1), i.e. c. Jan. 189. </p>
21.25.2 - 21.25.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">προσδέξασθαι πάλιν . . . εἰς τὴν συμμαχίαν</w>:</emph> as evidently happened, since soon afterwards he is interceding between the Ambraciotes and M. Fulvius (29. 2 f.). </p>
21.25.3 - 21.25.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀμφιλοχίαν καὶ . . . Ἀπεραντίαν ἀνακτήσασθαι</w>:</emph> see xviii. 5. 8 n. (Amphilochia), xx. 11. 12 n. (Aperantia). <w lang="el-GR">ἀνακτήσασθαι</w> is 'recover' (Paton, 'annexing', misses the point). Amphilochia evidently seceded from Aetolia when Philip took Aperantia (Walbank, Philip, 207). </p>
21.25.4 - 21.25.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Νικάνδρου τοῦ στρατηγοῦ</w>:</emph> for 190/89 (De Sanctis, iv. 1. 401; M. A. Levi, Atti Acc. Torino, 1922, 184); on his career see xx. 10. 16 n. For the possibility that he is P.'s source for this campaign see Vol. I, p. 34 n. 6; cf. § 7, <w lang="el-GR">τῆς . . . εὐροίας τοιαύτης</w>, 27. 9 n. </p>
21.25.5 - 21.25.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὴν Δολοπίαν</w>:</emph> on the position and alignment of Dolopia, north of Aperantia, see xviii. 47. 6 n. Livy, xxxviii. 3. 4, adds: 'Dolopes nunquam Aetolorum fuerant, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Philippi&groupId=1090&placeId=1914">Philippi</a> erant'; but this is untrue. The Dolopes had probably been incorporated in Aetolia after the Isthmus proclamation, and acquired by Philip along with Aperantia; cf. Livy, xxxvi. 33. 7 (quoted in xx. 11. 12 n.). </p>
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<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν τοῦ Φιλίππου</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxviii. 3. 5, 'postquam Amphilochos cum Aetolis esse fugamque ex <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Philippi&groupId=1090&placeId=1914">Philippi</a> et caedem praesidii eius accepere, et ipsi a Philippo ad Aetolos deficiunt.' These events were described at length in Livy, xxxviii. 2; the garrison was one of 1000 men, under Xenon, at Aethopia (xxviii. 2. 4, 2. 12–14). The text of P. has lost several words. </p>
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<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν μάχης</w>:</emph> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a> (cf. 16. 1–17. 12 n.). </p>
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<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Δαμοτέλης</w>:</emph> Damoteles, son of Telesarchus, of Physcus (or Physceis: Lerat, i. 48) in Locris, figures on many late third- and early second-century inscriptions, as proxeny guarantor at Thermum (IG, ix <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 1. 29 l. 14, and 31 l. 55) and at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Delphi&groupId=534&placeId=363">Delphi</a> (FD, iii. 2. 90 = IG, ix <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 1. 201), as manumittor of a slave (FD, iii. 1. 565), as secretary of the Aetolian Confederation in Pyrrhias' generalship (IG, ix <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 1. 29 <milestone unit="page" n="119">[119]</milestone> l. 3), as boularchos of the Locrian telos (some kind of subdivision of the Aetolian Confederacy: Lerat, ii. 80) in 189/8 (GDI, 2070, 2139), and as Aetolian hieromnemon (cf. Flacelire, App. i, nos. 32A and B). For his stemma and descendants see Daux, 470–1; Lerat, ii. 79 and 197. For his later activity see 26. 18 f., 28. 18 n., 29. 4 f., 29. 10–12, 30. 7, 30. 13. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν . . . Μάρκου καὶ τῶν δυνά?μεων διάβασιν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxvii. 50. 4, 'alteri consuli [sc. M. Fulvius Nobilior] exercitus, qui erat in Aetolia, est decretus, et ut in supplementum scriberet permissum ciuium sociorumque eundem numerum, quem collega' (i.e. 4,000 Roman foot, 200 Roman cavalry and 8,000 foot and 400 cavalry from the allies and the nomen Latinum). The army in Aetolia had been brought over by A. Cornelius Mammula, who had been praetor among the Bruttii in 191 (Livy, xxxvii. 2. 7); it consisted of two legions and 20,000 allied foot and 800 allied horse (Livy, xxxv. 41. 7, cf. Livy, xxxvi. 2. 7); but it seems to derive from Valerius Antias (Livy, xxxvii. 48. 5), and no other source, including P., knows anything about it (Nissen, KU, 189; Meyer, Rh. Mus. 1881, 121; Gelzer, Kl. Schr. iii. 253–4). Fulvius' army appears in fact to be a new one, though perhaps mustered from troops held in reserve in the Bruttii (Holleaux, tudes, v. 416). </p>
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<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀλέξανδρον τὸν Ἴσιον</w>:</emph> cf. xviii. 3. 1 n.; against Stier's picture of him (81 f.) as a demagogue see Musti, Seleucidi, 171 n. 52. On the equivalence of <w lang="el-GR">Ἥσσιοι</w> (Thuc. iii. 101. 2) and <w lang="el-GR">Ἴσιοι</w> see Lerat, i. 32–34, 212–13; it would put the Isians between Tolophon (mod. Vidavi: Lerat, i. 138–45) and Oeanthea (probably Vistrinitsa: Lerat, i. 205–9) and so at Eratini or at Chora (Lerat, i. 111–12). Alternatively, if Oeanthea was at Glypha (Trizonia), a possibility (Lerat, i. 208–9), they would be at Vistrinitsa or Dovia (Lerat, i. 109). For these places see the map at the end of Lerat, i. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Φαινέαν</w>:</emph> cf. xviii. 1. 4 n., xx. 9. 1 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Χάλεπον</w>:</emph> cf. xx. 9. 2 n.; manuscripts <w lang="el-GR">χαλεπόν</w>, corr. Bttner-Wobst. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἄλυπον</w>:</emph> may be the Alypus mentioned as an Ambraciote ambassador in a decree of the Thessalian League c. 172–68; see Habicht, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Demetrias&groupId=536&placeId=1006">Demetrias</a>, i (Bonn, 1976), 178–9 l. 13. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Λύκωπον</w>:</emph> for the name, common in the north-west, see Syll. 597 B, notes; Lerat, ii. 211; Flacelire, 400 no. 25. This man is not (as Woodhouse, 86; JHS, 1893, 352 n. 29; and Soteriades, <w lang="el-GR">Ἀρχ. ἐφ</w>. 1905, 81 n. 5, believed) the <w lang="el-GR">Λύκωπος? Πολεμάρχου Καλυδώνιος</w> known as an Aetolian general, for he held office towards the end of the second century (Klaffenbach, Klio, 1926, 87–88): IG, ix <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 1. 31 l. 182. For another possibility see xxxi. 18. 6 n. <milestone unit="page" n="120">[120]</milestone> </p>

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