Polybius, Histories
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Book 21 - Chapter 18

1
<head lang="la">B. Olymp. 147, 3. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qerei%2Fas">θερείας</w> <w lemma="e%29nistame%2Fnhs">ἐνισταμένης</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ni%2Fkhn">νίκην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxon">Ἀντίοχον</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dn">παρῆν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnhs">Εὐμένης</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antio%2Fxou">Ἀντιόχου</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fwn">Ῥοδίων</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn:">ἄλλων·</w>
2
<w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantes">ἅπαντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempon">ἔπεμπον</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dsqai">κεῖσθαι</w>.
3
<w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnous">παραγενομένους</w> <w lemma="e%29pede%2Fxeto">ἐπεδέχετο</w> <w lemma="filanqrw%2Fpws">φιλανθρώπως</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w>, <w lemma="megalomere%2Fstata">μεγαλομερέστατα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fnthsin">ἀπάντησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ceni%2Fwn">ξενίων</w> <w lemma="paroxa%5Cs">παροχὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnh">Εὐμένη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fous">Ῥοδίους</w>.
4
<w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%2Fcews">ἐντεύξεως</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dlqen">ἦλθεν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29sekale%2Fsanto">εἰσεκαλέσαντο</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Foun">ἠξίουν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="parrhsi%2Fas">παρρησίας</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="bou%2Fletai">βούλεται</w> <w lemma="tuxei%3Dn">τυχεῖν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w>.
5
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnous">Εὐμένους</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fsantos">φήσαντος</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frwn">ἑτέρων</w> <w lemma="tuxei%3Dn">τυχεῖν</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="e%29bou%2Fleto">ἐβούλετο</w> <w lemma="filanqrw%2Fpou">φιλανθρώπου</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsato">ἐχρήσατο</w> <w lemma="sumbou%2Flois">συμβούλοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29piqumei%3Dn">ἐπιθυμεῖν</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dn">ἀξιοῦν</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fra">πέρα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkontos:">καθήκοντος·</w>
6
<w lemma="o%28po%2Fte">ὁπότε</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fresti">πάρεστι</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fmenos">δεόμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Friston">ἄριστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzei">νομίζει</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnai">διδόναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfw%3Dn:">ἀδελφῶν·</w>
7
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="presbute%2Frwn">πρεσβυτέρων</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29nasta%2Fntos">ἀναστάντος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="keleu%2Fontos">κελεύοντος</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="katorrwdei%3Dn">κατορρωδεῖν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="faino%2Fmenon">φαινόμενον</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fkeitai">πρόκειται</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="xari%2Fzesqai">χαρίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dunato%2Fn">δυνατόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmeinen">ἔμεινεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>. <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gginome%2Fnou">ἐγγινομένου</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29cexw%2Frhsen">ἐξεχώρησεν</w>,
8
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29bouleu%2Feto">ἐβουλεύετο</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>.
9
<w lemma="e%29%2Fdocen">ἔδοξεν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnh">Εὐμένη</w> <w lemma="parakalei%3Dn">παρακαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28podeiknu%2Fnai">ὑποδεικνύναι</w> <w lemma="qarrou%3Dnta">θαρροῦντα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frestin:">πάρεστιν·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Fronta">διαφέροντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnon">ἐκεῖνον</w> <w lemma="a%29kribe%2Fsteron">ἀκριβέστερον</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w>.
10
<w lemma="doca%2Fntwn">δοξάντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29seklh%2Fqh">εἰσεκλήθη</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="presbute%2Frwn">πρεσβυτέρων</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fcantos">ἀποδείξαντος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="dedogme%2Fna">δεδογμένα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w>
<head>IV. Affairs of Italy</head><head>The Embassies at Rome</head>At the beginning of the summer following the victory of the Romans over Antiochus, King Eumenes, the envoys of Antiochus, and those from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> and elsewhere arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>:
for nearly all the communities of Asia Minor sent envoys to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> immediately after the battle, as the whole future of all of them depended on the senate.
The senate received all the arrivals courteously, but treated with especial splendour, both in the mode of their reception and the richness of the gifts they bestowed on them, King Eumenes, and after him the Rhodians.
When the date fixed for the audience arrived, they called in first the king and begged him to speak frankly stating what he wished the senate to do for him.
Eumenes said that had he wished to ask a kindness of any other people, he would have taken the advice of the Romans so that he might neither nourish any immoderate desire nor make any exorbitant demand,
but now that he appeared as a suppliant before the Romans he thought it best to commit to them the decision about himself and his brothers.
Here one of the senators interrupted him and bade him not to be afraid, but say what he thought, as the senate were resolved to grant him anything that was in their power, but Eumenes held to his opinion.
After some time had elapsed, the king took his departure, and the senate considered what they should do.
It was resolved to beg Eumenes to appear alone and indicate to them frankly the object of his visit. For he knew more accurately than anyone which was in his own interest so far as Asia was concerned.
After this decision he was again called in; and, upon one of the senators showing him the decree, he was compelled to speak about the matter at issue.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
21.18.1 - 21.24.17
<p rend="Plain Text">Embassies at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (early summer 189)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">Res Italiae of Ol. 147, 3 = 190/89; above, pp. 5–6. This fragment, from de legat. gent., deals with the arrival of embassies at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> in early summer 189 (18. 1) following <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a>. Livy, xxxvii. 52. 7–56. 10 corresponds to the section 18. 5–24. 15; but since Livy xxxvii. 52. 1–6 is annalistic, his account of Eumenes' speech contains some repetition (Nissen, KU, 198–9). Gelzer, Kl. Schr. iii. 186 ff. argues cogently that P. here used Zeno, since his account gives prominence to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a>.</p>
Specifics
21.18.1 - 21.18.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς θερείας ἐνισταμένης</w>:</emph> early summer, perhaps May–June; cf. iv. 37. 3; Pdech, Mthode, 461; Walbank, Polis and imperium, 62. </p>
21.18.3 - 21.18.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰς τῶν ξενίων παροχάς</w>:</emph> 'the gifts provided for them'. <w lang="el-GR">ξέ?νια</w> (Latin munera or dona) can be gifts of food or provisions (cf. Plut. Ages. 36. 6; P. Petr. 2, p. 25; P. Grenf. 2. 14 b. 9), but in Roman contexts it means the allowance made either daily or in a lump sum to cover the upkeep of public visitors while at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (cf. Livy, xxx. 17. 10, 21. 5, xxxv. 23. 11, xlv. 13. 8; Ioseph. Ant. Iud. xiv. 10. 3). <w lang="el-GR">παροχή</w> may have its original sense of 'provision' here, though the context is coloured by its more technical sense as the equivalent of the Latin dautia, lautia, viz. the equipment and furnishings of the apartment provided for public visitors (locus, <w lang="el-GR">τόπος, κατάλυμα</w>: xxxii. 13. 2; cf. Livy, xxviii. 39. 19, xxx. 17. 14, xxxiii. 24. 5, xxxv. 23. 11, xlii. 26. 5, xlv. 20. 6: in several of these passages loca lautia go closely together). See Riccobono, Fontes, no. 35 = Sherk, no. 22 (S.C. for Asclepiades of Clazomenae, 78 B.C.), ll. 13 and 26 where locum lautiaque is rendered by <w lang="el-GR">τόπον παροχήν τε</w>. Charisius, p. 34 Keil, <milestone unit="page" n="111">[111]</milestone> defines lautia as <w lang="el-GR">ἐνδομενεία</w>, supellex; and in xxiv. 5. 1 P. distinguishes <w lang="el-GR">ξένια καὶ παροχάς</w>. See Mommsen, St.-R. iii. 2, 1152 n. 2. </p>
21.18.5 - 21.18.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρὰ τὸ δέον . . . πέρα τοῦ καθήκοντος</w>?:</emph> verbal variants; cf. fg. 53 (in reverse order); Foucault, 47. </p>
21.18.7 - 21.18.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν . . . πρεσβυτέρων τινός</w>:</emph> 'one of the older men', cf. § 10; so Gelzer, Kl. Schr. iii. 186. But <w lang="el-GR">πρεσβύτεροι</w> can mean 'elders', mainly in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> (see LSJ s.v. <w lang="el-GR">πρέσβυς</w>?), and P. could be using it to indicate 'one of the senators' (so Paton and Shuckburgh). </p>
21.18.8 - 21.18.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χρόνου δ᾿ ἐγγινομένου</w>:</emph> compressed; cf. Livy, xxxvii. 52. 9, 'cum aliquamdiu hinc indulgentia hinc modestia inter permittentis in uicem non magis mutua quam inexplicabili facilitate certatum esset, Eumenes ex templo excessit.' </p>
21.18.10 - 21.18.10
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰσεκλήθη</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxvii. 53. 1, 'reductus a praetore in templum'; the excerptor has probably omitted the praetor. </p>

Commentary