Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 61

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<w lemma="%2Axwri%2Fs">Χωρίς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fwn">Μαντινέων</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="sumfora%5Cs">συμφορὰς</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ch%2Fsews">αὐξήσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsews">διαθέσεως</w> <w lemma="e%29chgh%2Fsato">ἐξηγήσατο</w>, <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkein">καθήκειν</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnwn">ὑπολαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="suggrafeu%3Dsi">συγγραφεῦσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="parano%2Fmous">παρανόμους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="e%29pishmai%2Fnesqai">ἐπισημαίνεσθαι</w>,
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<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitw%3Dn">Μεγαλοπολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="gennaio%2Fthtos">γενναιότητος</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsanto">ἐχρήσαντο</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="poso%5Cn">ποσὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w>,
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<w lemma="w%28%2Fsper">ὥσπερ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fas">ἁμαρτίας</w> <w lemma="e%29cariqmei%3Dsqai">ἐξαριθμεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="oi%29keio%2Fteron">οἰκειότερον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxon">ὑπάρχον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kala%5C">καλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaia">δίκαια</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="e%29pishmai%2Fnesqai">ἐπισημαίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntugxa%2Fnontas">ἐντυγχάνοντας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasin">ὑπομνήμασιν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtto%2Fn">ἧττόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="diorqoume%2Fnous">διορθουμένους</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="spoudai%2Fwn">σπουδαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zhlwtw%3Dn">ζηλωτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fper">ἤπερ</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parano%2Fmwn">παρανόμων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="feuktw%3Dn">φευκτῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flabe">ἔλαβε</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ke%2Fraion">ἀκέραιον</w> <w lemma="diafula%2Fcas">διαφυλάξας</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopoli%2Ftas">Μεγαλοπολίτας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amessh%2Fnhn">Μεσσήνην</w> <w lemma="grammatofo%2Frous">γραμματοφόρους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciw%3Dn">ἀξιῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29blabh%3D">ἀβλαβῆ</w> <w lemma="komisame%2Fnous">κομισαμένους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="koinwnh%3Dsai">κοινωνῆσαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>, <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29dh%2Flwse">ἐδήλωσε</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="u%28podei%3Dcai">ὑποδεῖξαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnous">Κλεομένους</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metrio%2Fthta">μετριότητα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopoli%3Dtai">Μεγαλοπολῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pistolh%3Ds">ἐπιστολῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29naginwskome%2Fnhs">ἀναγινωσκομένης</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29a%2Fsaien">ἐάσαιεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29nagnwsqh%3Dnai">ἀναγνωσθῆναι</w>, <w lemma="mikrou%3D">μικροῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kataleu%2Fsaien">καταλεύσαιεν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="grammatofo%2Frous">γραμματοφόρους</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="diesa%2Ffhse">διεσάφησε</w>. <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ko%2Flouqon">ἀκόλουθον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="a%29fei%3Dlen">ἀφεῖλεν</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpainon">ἔπαινον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqw%3D%7C">ἀγαθῷ</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ciolo%2Fgwn">ἀξιολόγων</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsewn">προαιρέσεων</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mpodw%5Cn">ἐμποδὼν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>. <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgw%7C">λόγῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fgmati">δόγματι</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="u%28pomei%2Fnantas">ὑπομείναντας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%5Cs">ἀγαθοὺς</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzomen">νομίζομεν</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="katafqora%5Cn">καταφθορὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nadecame%2Fnois">ἀναδεξαμένοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpainon">ἔπαινον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fritas">χάριτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dwrea%5Cs">δωρεὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstas">μεγίστας</w> <w lemma="a%29pone%2Fmomen">ἀπονέμομεν</w>,
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<w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitw%3Dn">Μεγαλοπολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Flhyin">διάληψιν</w>; <w lemma="a%29%3Dr%27">ἆρ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29xi%5C">οὐχὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="semnota%2Fthn">σεμνοτάτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="belti%2Fsthn">βελτίστην</w>;
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<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnei">Κλεομένει</w> <w lemma="proei%3Dnto">προεῖντο</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fptaisan">ἔπταισαν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdi">πατρίδι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresin">αἵρεσιν</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w>, <w lemma="doqei%2Fshs">δοθείσης</w> <w lemma="a%29nelpi%2Fstws">ἀνελπίστως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fas">ἐξουσίας</w> <w lemma="a%29blabh%3D">ἀβλαβῆ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="a%29polabei%3Dn">ἀπολαβεῖν</w>, <w lemma="proei%2Flanto">προείλαντο</w> <w lemma="ste%2Fresqai">στέρεσθαι</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Ffwn">τάφων</w>, <w lemma="i%28erw%3Dn">ἱερῶν</w>, <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fntwn">ἁπάντων</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaiota%2Ftwn">ἀναγκαιοτάτων</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="prodou%3Dnai">προδοῦναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fllion">κάλλιον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fgonen">γέγονεν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnoit%27">γένοιτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w>; <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="suggrafeu%5Cs">συγγραφεὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%2Fsai">ἐπιστήσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontas">ἀκούοντας</w>; <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fnos">τίνος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgou">ἔργου</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="parormh%2Fsai">παρορμήσαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="fulakh%5Cn">φυλακὴν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstews">πίστεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Dn">ἀληθινῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fwn">βεβαίων</w> <w lemma="koinwni%2Fan">κοινωνίαν</w>; <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29demi%2Fan">οὐδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="%2Afu%2Flarxos">Φύλαρχος</w>,
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<w lemma="tuflw%2Fttwn">τυφλώττων</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fs">ὥς</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fllista">κάλλιστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="suggrafei%3D">συγγραφεῖ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkonta">καθήκοντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w>.
To take another instance, Phylarchus, while narrating with exaggeration and elaboration the calamities of the Mantineans, evidently deeming it a historian's duty to lay stress on criminal acts,
does not even make mention of the noble conduct of the Megalopolitans at nearly the same date, as if it were rather the proper function of history to chronicle the commission of sins than to call attention to right and honourable actions,
or as if readers of his memoirs would be improved less by account of good conduct which we should emulate than by criminal conduct which we should shun.
He tells us how Cleomenes took the city, and before doing any damage to it, sent at once a post to the Megalopolitans at Messene offering to hand back their own native country to them uninjured on condition of their throwing in their lot with him. So much he lets us know, wishing to show the magnanimity of Cleomenes and and his moderation to his enemies,
and he goes on to tell how when the letter was being read out they would not allow the reader to continue until the end, and how they came very near stoning the letter-bearers.
So far he makes everything quite clear to us, but he deprives us of what should follow and what is the special virtue of history, I mean praise and honourable mention of conduct noteworthy for its excellence.
And yet he had an opportunity ready to his hand here. For if we consider those men to be good who by speeches and resolutions only expose themselves to war for the sake of their friends and allies, and if we bestow not only praise but lavish thanks and gifts on those who have suffered their country to be laid waste and their city besieged,
what should we feel for the Megalopolitans? Surely the deepest reverence and the highest regard.
In the first place they left their lands at the mercy of Cleomenes, next they utterly lost their city owing to their support of the Achaeans,
and finally, when quite unexpectedly it was put in their power to get it back undamaged, they preferred to lose their land, their tombs, their temples, their homes, and their possessions, all in fact that is dearest to men, rather than break faith with their allies.
What more noble conduct has there ever been or could there be?
But Phylarchus, blind, as it seems to me, to the most noble actions and those most worthy of an author's attention, has not said a single word on the subject.