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Book 2 - Chapter 5

1
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29capostale%2Fntes">ἐξαποσταλέντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxon">ἔσχον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fan">Ἠλείαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fan:">Μεσσηνίαν·</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%5C">Ἰλλυριοὶ</w> <w lemma="porqou%3Dntes">πορθοῦντες</w> <w lemma="diete%2Floun">διετέλουν</w>.
2
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dkos">μῆκος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parali%2Fas">παραλίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mesogai%2Fous">μεσογαίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dunasteuou%2Fsas">δυναστευούσας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="makrai%5C">μακραὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bradei%3Dai">βραδεῖαι</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="paraboh%2Fqeiai">παραβοήθειαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29poba%2Fseis">ἀποβάσεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn:">Ἰλλυριῶν·</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fqen">ὅθεν</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftrexon">ἐπέτρεχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsuron">κατέσυρον</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>.
3
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpei%2Frou">Ἠπείρου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkhn">Φοινίκην</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fsxon">προσέσχον</w> <w lemma="e%29pisitismou%3D">ἐπισιτισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w>.
4
<w lemma="summi%2Fcantes">συμμίξαντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="tisin">τισιν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="misqoforou%3Dntes">μισθοφοροῦντες</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirw%2Ftais">Ἠπειρώταις</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribon">διέτριβον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkh%7C">Φοινίκῃ</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakosi%2Fous">ὀκτακοσίους</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinologhqe%2Fntes">κοινολογηθέντες</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="prodosi%2Fas">προδοσίας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fbhsan">ἐξέβησαν</w>, <w lemma="sugkataqeme%2Fnwn">συγκαταθεμένων</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frioi">κύριοι</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w>, <w lemma="sunerghsa%2Fntwn">συνεργησάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fswqen">ἔσωθεν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w>.
5
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirw%3Dtai">Ἠπειρῶται</w> <w lemma="puqo%2Fmenoi">πυθόμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%5Cs">γεγονὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29boh%2Fqoun">ἐβοήθουν</w> <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%3Ds">σπουδῆς</w>. <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenoi">παραγενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkhn">Φοινίκην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="probalo%2Fmenoi">προβαλόμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="r%28e%2Fonta">ῥέοντα</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29stratope%2Fdeusan">ἐστρατοπέδευσαν</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="gefu%2Fras">γεφύρας</w> <w lemma="a%29naspa%2Fsantes">ἀνασπάσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sani%2Fdas">σανίδας</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w>.
6
<w lemma="prosaggelqe%2Fntos">προσαγγελθέντος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Askerdilai+%2Fdan">Σκερδιλαΐδαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriou%5Cs">Ἰλλυριοὺς</w> <w lemma="paragi%2Fnesqai">παραγίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fneian">Ἀντιγόνειαν</w> <w lemma="stenw%3Dn">στενῶν</w>, <w lemma="meri%2Fsantes">μερίσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteilan">ἐξαπέστειλαν</w> <w lemma="parafula%2Fcontas">παραφυλάξοντας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fneian:">Ἀντιγόνειαν·</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="loipa%5C">λοιπὰ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqu%2Fmws">ῥᾳθύμως</w> <w lemma="dih%3Dgon">διῆγον</w>, <w lemma="a%29polau%2Fontes">ἀπολαύοντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fdhn">ἀνέδην</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="fulaka%5Cs">φυλακὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokoiti%2Fas">προκοιτίας</w> <w lemma="w%29ligw%2Froun">ὠλιγώρουν</w>.
7
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%5C">Ἰλλυριοὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fntes">συνέντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="merismo%5Cn">μερισμὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="loiph%5Cn">λοιπὴν</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumi%2Fan">ῥᾳθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kporeu%2Fontai">ἐκπορεύονται</w> <w lemma="nukto%2Fs:">νυκτός·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="gefu%2Fra%7C">γεφύρᾳ</w> <w lemma="sani%2Fdas">σανίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibalo%2Fntes">ἐπιβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="die%2Fbhsan">διέβησαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w> <w lemma="o%29xuro%5Cn">ὀχυρὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmeinan">ἔμειναν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nukto%2Fs">νυκτός</w>.
8
<w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paratacame%2Fnwn">παραταξαμένων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="leifqh%3Dnai">λειφθῆναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirw%2Ftas">Ἠπειρώτας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="pesei%3Dn">πεσεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%28lw%3Dnai">ἁλῶναι</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="diafugei%3Dn">διαφυγεῖν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29atinta%2Fnwn">Ἀτιντάνων</w>.
The expedition began by making a descent on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Elis&groupId=560&placeId=1048">Elis</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a>, lands which the Illyrians had always been in the habit of pillaging,
because, owing to the extent of their sea-board and owing to the principal cities being in the interior, help against their raids was distant and slow in arriving; so that they could always overrun and plunder those countries unmolested.
On this occasion, however, they put in at Phoenice in Epirus for the purpose of provisioning themselves.
There they fell in with certain Gaulish soldiers, about eight hundred in number, at present in the employ of the Epirots. They approached these Gauls with a proposal for the betrayal of the city, and on their agreeing, they landed and captured the town and its inhabitants by assault with the help from within of the Gauls.
When the Epirots learnt of this they hastened to come to help with their whole force. On reaching Phoenice they encamped with the river that runs past the town on their front, removing the planking of the bridge so as to be in safety.
On news reaching them that Scerdilaïdas with five thousand Illyrians was approaching by land through the pass near Antigonia, they detached a portion of their force to guard Antigonia, but they themselves henceforth remained at their ease, faring plenteously on the produce of the country, and quite neglecting night and day watches.
The Illyrians, learning of the partition of the Epirot force and of their general remissness, made a night sortie, and replacing planks on the bridge, crossed the river in safety and occupied a strong position where they remained for the rest of the night.
When day broke, both armies drew up their forces in front of the town and engaged. The battle resulted in the defeat of the Epirots, many of whom were killed and still more taken prisoners, the rest escaping in the direction of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a>.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
2.1.0 - 2.12.0
<p>The First Illyrian War (229–8)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This war is important to P.'s main theme (2. 2), as it first brought the Romans east of the Adriatic. For the greater part (2–6. 8, 9–10) his source is apparently Greek, and the narrative is strongly prejudiced against Aetolia (cf. 2. 6–4. 5); but 8 and 11–12 represent a Roman tradition, which may well be Fabius (so most historians, e.g. Tubler, Beloch, Gelzer, Holleaux). Bung, 184–6, while accepting Fabius as a possible source for 11–12, is impressed by Bauer, who (AEM, 1895, 136–47) rather improbably associates the pro-Roman version of 8 with the propagandist account of the affair given by Roman legati in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a> (12. 4). There are secondary accounts in Dio, fg. 49 (cf. Zon. viii. 19), very unreliable, and App. Ill. 7–8 (wellinformed on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, but contaminated by annalistic inventions); see Holleaux, 78 n. 2 (worthlessness of Dio); Fluss, RE, 'Teuta', cols. 1140–2; Zippel, 46 ff. On the war in general see Holleaux, tudes, iv. 9–25 (= REG, 1930, 243–61), for chronology; CAH, vii. 822 ff. (with bibliography, 931–3); E. Badian, BSA, 1952, 72–93 with bibliography; G. Walser, Historia, ii, 1954, 308–18 (preferring Appian to P.); Thiel, Hist. 344 ff. (arguing against Holleaux that the Senate was seeking a chance to intervene). The article by E. Badian mentioned here and passim is BSR, 1952, 72–93.</p>
Specifics
2.5.1 - 2.5.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χώρας Ἰλλυριοὶ πορθοῦντες</w>:</emph> on Illyrian piracy see H. Dell, Historia, 1967, 344–58; and, for an Illyrian attack on Alipheira, an inscription published by A. K. Orlandos, Alipheira, 134 ff. </p>
2.5.3 - 2.5.3
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ φοινίκην</w>:</emph> the capital of the new federal Epirote republic (cf. 2. 5 n.), a town in Chaonia about 8 miles inland from modern Saranda; cf. Syll. 653 A, <w lang="el-GR">τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν [τῶν] περὶ Φοινίκη</w>[v. Under Pyrrhus and his house the capital was Ambracia (xxi. 30. 9). Cf. Leake, NG, i. 20, 66 f. </p>
2.5.4 - 2.5.4
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν Γαλατῶν</w>:</emph> Gauls, not Galatians (as Beloch, iv. 1. 637); cf. 7. 6 ff.; and on their numbers, i. 77. 4 n. </p> <p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ</w>:</emph> probably including both men and chattels; cf. 6. 6. </p>
2.5.6 - 2.5.6
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Σκερδιλαΐδαν</w>:</emph> since his son was called Pleuratus, like Agron's father (2. 4), Scerdiladas was probably Agron's brother (Schweighaeuser ad loc.; Lenschau, RE, 'Pleuratos', cols. 237–8). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τῶν παρ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">Ἀντιγόνειαν στενῶν</w>:</emph> Antigoneia lay on the site of Tepeleni, on the left bank of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aous&groupId=338&placeId=656">Aous</a> (Viossa), just below its con- fluence with the Drynos. Scerdiladas' route was clearly through <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a>, along the Drynos valley; hence the <w lang="el-GR">στενά</w> must be the short gorge on that river immediately south of its confluence with the Viossa, despite the more common application of the term to the gorge of Klisoura on the Viossa itself (Livy, xxxii. 5. 9–11; Plut. Flam. 3. 4–5. 1; see Walbank, Philip, 149–50). Hammond, JRS, 1966, 47 ff.,argues that Antigoneia lay, not at Tepeleni, but at Lekel, five miles further south, on the right bank of the Drynos (Drin), where there is an ancient site about a mile in circuit; he also argues (ibid. 53) that both this pass and that on the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aous&groupId=338&placeId=656">Aous</a> were in Chaonia, not <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> (cf. Steph. Byz. <w lang="el-GR">Ἀντιγόνεια, πόλις Χαονίας</w>; Livy, xxxii. 5. 9; <w lang="el-GR">Ἀρχ. ἐφ</w>.. 1914, 239). On the site of Antigonea see xxvii. 15. 1 n. </p> <p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παραφυλάξοντας τὴν Ἀντιγόνειαν</w>:</emph> 'to protect Antigoneia', i.e. against outside attack (so Schweighaeuser, Paton, Holleaux (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 110–11), Beloch, iv. 2. 380 n. 1), rather than 'to keep an eye on' (so Tarn, AG, 312 n. 3, following Droysen); see xviii. 4. 7. This implies that the town was at this time Epirote, not independent (so Tarn, CAH, vii. 744) or Illyrian (Treves, Rend. Linc., 1932, 204 n. 4); and this is confirmed by 5. 8 (Epirote survivors escaped <w lang="el-GR">ὡς ἐπ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">Ἀτιντάνων</w>; on <milestone unit="page" n="156">[156]</milestone> the boundaries of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> see 11. 11 n.). However, the ceding of the area by the Romans to Philip in 205 (Livy, xxix. 12. 13) suggests that it had recently been Macedonian; and Antigoneia looks like an Antigonid foundation (cf. Jones, Greek City, 13) despite Beloch's suggestion that Pyrrhus founded it, and named it after his late wife Antigone, to protect the gorges and northern frontiers of his kingdom (iv. 2. 381). Cary suggested (Hist. 400) that Gonatas took <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> from Epirus after Alexander II's intervention in the Chremonidean War, and that Demetrius II restored it as compensation for the divorcing of Phthia; but it is now clear that Phthia was never divorced (Tarn, Ferguson Studies, 1940, 483 ff.), and Macedonian concessions to Epirus about 233 would be odd. Nevertheless, a very recent acquisition of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> by Epirus is not to be excluded; it may, for example, have been garrisoned during the period of joint hostility against the Aetolians, and retained when Demetrius came to terms with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> (to envisage but one out of several possibilities). But, in any case, its possession by Epirus at this date is assured. </p> <p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν . . . κατὰ τὰςφυλακὰς καὶ προκοιτίας</w>:</emph> 'guard and picket duty'; Paton, 'night and day watches', but P. uses both words of night watches in vi. 35. 4–5. </p>
Addenda & corrigenda
2.2.0 - 2.12.0
<p rend="Plain Text">the article by E. Badian mentioned here and passim is BSR, 1952, 72–93.</p>
2.5.6 - 2.5.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τῶν παρ᾽ Ἀντιγόνειαν στενῶν</w>:</emph> Hammond, JRS, 1966, 47 ff.,argues that Antigoneia lay, not at Tepeleni, but at Lekel, five miles further south, on the right bank of the Drynos (Drin), where there is an ancient site about a mile in circuit; he also argues (ibid. 53) that both this pass and that on the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aous&groupId=338&placeId=656">Aous</a> were in Chaonia, not <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> (cf. Steph. Byz. <w lang="el-GR">Ἀντιγόνεια, πόλις Χαονίας</w>; Livy, xxxii. 5. 9; <w lang="el-GR">Ἀρχ. ἐφ</w>.. 1914, 239). </p>
2.2.0 - 2.12.0
<p rend="Plain Text">in the sub-title, for '(231–228)' read '(229–8)'.</p>
2.5.1 - 2.5.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold">5. 1. <w lang="el-GR">χώρας Ἰλλυριοὶ πορθοῦντες</w>:</emph> on Illyrian piracy see H. Dell, Historia, 1967, 344–58; and, for an Illyrian attack on Alipheira, an inscription published by A. K. Orlandos, Alipheira, 134 ff. </p>
2.5.6 - 2.5.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold">5. 6. <w lang="el-GR">διὰ τῶν παρ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">Ἀντιγόνειαν στενῶν</w>:</emph> on the site of Antigonea see xxvii. 15. 1 n. </p>

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