Polybius, Histories

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Book 18 - Chapter 15

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<w lemma="%2Ati%2Fsin">Τίσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pife%2Froi">ἐπιφέροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29nomasi%2Fan">ὀνομασίαν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="duspara%2Fgrafon:">δυσπαράγραφον·</w>
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<w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="prostre%2Fxoi">προστρέχοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frwn">φέρων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fseis">περιστάσεις</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lusitelei%2Fas">λυσιτελείας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoliteuome%2Fnous">ἀντιπολιτευομένους</w> <w lemma="diafora%3Ds">διαφορᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeiri%2Fzousi">ἐγχειρίζουσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>,
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<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nh%5C">νὴ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2Fa">Δία</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cn">φρουρὰν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sdexo%2Fmenoi">εἰσδεχόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugxrw%2Fmenoi">συγχρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcwqen">ἔξωθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fais">ἐπικουρίαις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fseis">προθέσεις</w> <w lemma="u%28poba%2Fllousi">ὑποβάλλουσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdas">πατρίδας</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnwn">δυναμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fan">ἐξουσίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prodosi%2Fas">προδοσίας</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnoma">ὄνομα</w> <w lemma="metri%2Fws">μετρίως</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="u%28pota%2Fttoi">ὑποτάττοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="lusitele%5Cs">λυσιτελὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqw%3Ds">ἀληθῶς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kalo%5Cn">καλὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="sunechkolou%2Fqhse">συνεξηκολούθησε</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fa">ἐναντία</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws">ὁμολογουμένως</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fzein">θαυμάζειν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fpontes">βλέποντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fsi">τίσι</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="dialogismoi%3Ds">διαλογισμοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmw%3Dsi">ὁρμῶσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fan">ἀτυχίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flaqe">ἔλαθε</w> <w lemma="pw%2Fpote">πώποτε</w> <w lemma="prodou%5Cs">προδοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="frou%2Frion">φρούριον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcews">πράξεως</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gnohqh%3D%7C">ἀγνοηθῇ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pigino%2Fmenos">ἐπιγινόμενος</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnos">χρόνος</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="fanerou%5Cs">φανεροὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas:">ἅπαντας·</w>
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<w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="gnwsqei%5Cs">γνωσθεὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="maka%2Frion">μακάριον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="xari%2Fzontai">χαρίζονται</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnousi">τυγχάνουσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28rmozou%2Fshs">ἁρμοζούσης</w> <w lemma="timwri%2Fas">τιμωρίας</w>.
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<w lemma="xrw%3Dntai">χρῶνται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftais">προδόταις</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fstai">δυνάσται</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Fron:">συμφέρον·</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxrh%2Fswntai">ἀποχρήσωνται</w>, <w lemma="xrw%3Dntai">χρῶνται</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftais">προδόταις</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnhn">Δημοσθένην</w>,
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<w lemma="ma%2Fl%27">μάλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%2Fmenoi">ἡγούμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeiri%2Fsanta">ἐγχειρίσαντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpot%27">μηδέποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoun">εὔνουν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="diafula%2Fcai">διαφυλάξαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="diafu%2Fgwsi">διαφύγωσι</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paraspondhqe%2Fntwn">παρασπονδηθέντων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w> <w lemma="e%29kfugga%2Fnousin">ἐκφυγγάνουσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29piboula%5Cs">ἐπιβουλὰς</w> <w lemma="dioli%2Fsqwsin">διολίσθωσιν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%2F">ἥ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmh">φήμη</w> <w lemma="timwro%5Cs">τιμωρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fpetai">ἕπεται</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbous">φόβους</w> <w lemma="yeudei%3Ds">ψευδεῖς</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%3Ds">ἀληθεῖς</w> <w lemma="parista%2Fnousa">παριστάνουσα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktwr">νύκτωρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunergou%3Dsa">συνεργοῦσα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunupodeiknu%2Fousa">συνυποδεικνύουσα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kako%2Fn">κακόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="bouleuome%2Fnois">βουλευομένοις</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fpnous">ὕπνους</w> <w lemma="e%29w%3Dsa">ἐῶσα</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fqhn">λήθην</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28marthme%2Fnwn">ἡμαρτημένων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29neirw%2Fttein">ὀνειρώττειν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fzousa">ἀναγκάζουσα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="e%29piboulh%3Ds">ἐπιβουλῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peripetei%2Fas">περιπετείας</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="suneido%2Ftas">συνειδότας</w> <w lemma="e%28autoi%3Ds">ἑαυτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxousan">ὑπάρχουσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29llotrio%2Fthta">ἀλλοτριότητα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="mi%3Dsos">μῖσος</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="dehqei%5Cs">δεηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="h%29po%2Frhse">ἠπόρησε</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftou">προδότου</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w> <w lemma="tinw%3Dn">τινῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fpoi">εἴποι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w>, <w lemma="dokou%3Dn">δοκοῦν</w> <w lemma="panourgo%2Ftaton">πανουργότατον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="zw%2F%7Cwn">ζῴων</w>, <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="faulo%2Ftaton">φαυλότατον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w>.
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<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flla">ἄλλα</w> <w lemma="zw%3D%7Ca">ζῷα</w>, <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sw%2Fmatos">σώματος</w> <w lemma="e%29piqumi%2Fais">ἐπιθυμίαις</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w> <w lemma="douleu%2Fonta">δουλεύοντα</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnas">μόνας</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="sfa%2Flletai:">σφάλλεται·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="dedocopoihme%2Fnon">δεδοξοποιημένον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtton">ἧττον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29logisti%2Fan">ἀλογιστίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="a%28marta%2Fnei">ἁμαρτάνει</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fsqw">εἰρήσθω</w>. —
It is, then, difficult to define who are the men to whom we may legitimately give this name,
but one would most nearly approach the truth by applying it to those who in a season of imminent danger, either for their own safety or advantage or owing to their differences with the opposite party, put their cities into the hands of the enemy,
or still more justifiably to those who, admitting a garrison and employing external assistance to further their own inclinations and aims, submit their countries to the domination of a superior power.
It would be quite fair to class all the above as traitors.
The treachery of these men never resulted in any real advantage or good to themselves, but in every case, as no one can deny, just the reverse.
And this makes us wonder what their original motives are; with what aim and reckoning on what they rush headlong into such misfortune.
For not a single man ever betrays a town or army or fort without being found out, but even if any be not detected at the actual moment, the progress of time discovers them all at the end. Nor did any one of them who had once been recognized ever lead a happy life, but in most instances they meet with the punishment they deserve at the hands of the very men with whom they tried to ingratiate themselves.
For generals and princes often employ traitors to further their interest, but when they have no further use for them they afterwards, as Demosthenes says, treat them as traitors, very naturally thinking that a man who has betrayed his country and his original friends to the enemy could never become really well disposed to themselves or keep faith with them.
And if they should happen to escape punishment at the hands of their employers, it is by no means easy for them to escape it at the hands of those they betrayed.
Should they, however, give the slip to the retribution of both, their evil name among other men clings to them for their whole life, producing many false apprehensions and many real ones by night and by day, aiding and abetting all who have evil designs against them,
and finally not allowing them even in sleep to forget their offence, but compelling them to dream of every kind of plot and peril, conscious as they are of the estrangement of everybody and of men's universal hatred of them.
But in spite of all this being so, no one ever, when he had need of one, failed to find a traitor, except in a very few cases.
All this would justify us in saying that man, who is supposed to be the cleverest of the animals, may with good reason be called the least intelligent.
For the other animals are the slaves of their bodily wants alone and only get into trouble owing to these, but man, for all the high opinion that has been formed of him, makes mistakes just as much owing to want of thought as owing to his physical impulses.
I have now said enough on this subject.