Polybius, Histories

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Book 15 - Chapter 17

1
<w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="u%28perai%2Fronta">ὑπεραίροντα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="koinh%5Cn">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeian">συνήθειαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fois">ἐνίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29qismw%3Dn">ἐθισμῶν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29topaqw%3Ds">αὐτοπαθῶς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fch%7C">δόξῃ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fleon">ἔλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29kkalei%3Dtai">ἐκκαλεῖται</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dsi">ὁρῶσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fousi">ἀκούουσι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugkinei%3D">συγκινεῖ</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="h%28mw%3Dn">ἡμῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="cenismo%2Fs:">ξενισμός·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29pa%5Cn">ἐπὰν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnhtai">φαίνηται</w> <w lemma="gohtei%2Fas">γοητείας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fkrisin">ὑπόκρισιν</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleon">ἔλεον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29cerga%2Fzetai">ἐξεργάζεται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mi%3Dsos">μῖσος</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>. —
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fwn">βραχέων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcato">ἤρξατο</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29fei%2Flousi">ὀφείλουσι</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="fila%2Fnqrwpon">φιλάνθρωπον</w>, <w lemma="o%28mologou%2Fntwn">ὁμολογούντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pene%2Fgkaien">ἐπενέγκαιεν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="e%29candrapodisa%2Fmenoi">ἐξανδραποδισάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%2Fwn">Ζακανθαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prw%2F%7Chn">πρῴην</w> <w lemma="paraspondh%2Fsaien">παρασπονδήσαιεν</w>, <w lemma="a%29qeth%2Fsantes">ἀθετήσαντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ggra%2Fptous">ἐγγράπτους</w> <w lemma="o%28mologi%2Fas:">ὁμολογίας·</w>
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<w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffhse">ἔφησε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrwpi%2Fnwn">ἀνθρωπίνων</w> <w lemma="kekri%2Fsqai">κεκρίσθαι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pra%2F%7Cws">πρᾴως</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megaloyu%2Fxws">μεγαλοψύχως</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasi">πράγμασι</w>.
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<w lemma="fanh%2Fsesqai">φανήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ka%29kei%2Fnois">κἀκείνοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffhsen">ἔφησεν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="o%29rqw%3Ds">ὀρθῶς</w> <w lemma="dialamba%2Fnwsi">διαλαμβάνωσι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%2Ftwn:">ἐνεστώτων·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsxein">πάσχειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnai">διδόναι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsin">σφίσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitaxqh%2Fsetai">ἐπιταχθήσεται</w>, <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzein">νομίζειν</w> <w lemma="deino%2Fn">δεινόν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="sugxwrhqh%2Fsetai">συγχωρηθήσεται</w> <w lemma="fila%2Fnqrwpon">φιλάνθρωπον</w>, <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dsqai">ἡγεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29pei%2Fper">ἐπείπερ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxh">τύχη</w> <w lemma="parelome%2Fnh">παρελομένη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleon">ἔλεον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="suggnw%2Fmhn">συγγνώμην</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fran">σφετέραν</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fan">ἀδικίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w> <w lemma="pepoi%2Fhke">πεποίηκε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29pw%5Cn">εἰπὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flege">ἔλεγε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="fila%2Fnqrwpa">φιλάνθρωπα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fmena">διδόμενα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnein">ὑπομένειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>.
When men give expression to their feelings more violently than is the general custom of their nation, if this excess seems to spring from genuine emotion due to the magnitude of their calamities, it arouses the pity of those who see and hear it, and its very strangeness touches all our hearts;
but when such extravagance seems to be a mere piece of charlatanry and acting, it gives rise not to pity but to indignation and disgust. Such was the case on the present occasion with regard to the Carthaginian ambassadors.
Scipio began by stating briefly to them that the Romans were not bound to treat them with leniency for their own sakes, as they confessed that they had begun the war with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> by taking <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> contrary to their treaty and enslaving its inhabitants, and that they had quite recently been guilty of treachery by violating a written agreement they had sworn to observe.
"But for our own sake," he said, "and in consideration of the fortune of war and of the common condition of man we have decided to be clement and magnanimous.
This will be evident to you also, if you estimate the situation rightly. For you should not regard it as strange if we impose sufferings and obligations on you or if we demand sacrifices from you, but rather it should surprise you if we grant you any favours, since Fortune owing to your own misconduct has deprived you of any right to pity or pardon and placed you at the mercy of your enemies."
After speaking in this sense he informed them first of the indulgences granted to them and afterwards of the severe conditions to which they would have to submit.