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Book 12 - Chapter 23

1
<head lang="la">VI. De Timaeo Historico</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29efo%2Frou">Ἐφόρου</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaios">Τίμαιος</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fsthn">πλείστην</w> <w lemma="pepoi%2Fhtai">πεποίηται</w> <w lemma="katadromh%2Fn">καταδρομήν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="dusi%5Cn">δυσὶν</w> <w lemma="a%28marth%2Fmasin">ἁμαρτήμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnoxos">ἔνοχος</w>,
2
<w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="pikrw%3Ds">πικρῶς</w> <w lemma="kathgorei%3D">κατηγορεῖ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnoxo%2Fs">ἔνοχός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqartai">διέφθαρται</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="yuxh%3D%7C">ψυχῇ</w>, <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="a%29pofa%2Fseis">ἀποφάσεις</w> <w lemma="e%29ktiqe%2Fmenos">ἐκτιθέμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasi">ὑπομνήμασι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="e%29nti%2Fktwn">ἐντίκτων</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcas">δόξας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntugxa%2Fnousi">ἐντυγχάνουσι</w>.
3
<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akallisqe%2Fnhn">Καλλισθένην</w> <w lemma="qete%2Fon">θετέον</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="kolasqe%2Fnta">κολασθέντα</w> <w lemma="metalla%2Fcai">μεταλλάξαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsxein">πάσχειν</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaion">Τίμαιον</w>; <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="dikaio%2Fteron">δικαιότερον</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="nemesh%2Fsai">νεμεσήσαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="daimo%2Fnion">δαιμόνιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="%2Akallisqe%2Fnei">Καλλισθένει</w>.
4
<w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29poqeou%3Dn">ἀποθεοῦν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="e%29boulh%2Fqh">ἐβουλήθη</w>, <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaios">Τίμαιος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzw">μείζω</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimole%2Fonta">Τιμολέοντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftwn">ἐπιφανεστάτων</w> <w lemma="qew%3Dn">θεῶν</w>,
5
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akallisqe%2Fnhs">Καλλισθένης</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="megalofue%2Fsteron">μεγαλοφυέστερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnqrwpon">ἄνθρωπον</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="yuxh%3D%7C">ψυχῇ</w> <w lemma="sugxwrou%3Dsin">συγχωροῦσιν</w>,
6
<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimole%2Fonta">Τιμολέοντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcanta%2F">δόξαντά</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="pepraxe%2Fnai">πεπραχέναι</w> <w lemma="megalei%3Don">μεγαλεῖον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pibalo%2Fmenon">ἐπιβαλόμενον</w>, <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fw%7C">βίῳ</w> <w lemma="grammh%5Cn">γραμμὴν</w> <w lemma="dianu%2Fsanta">διανύσαντα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="spoudai%2Fan">σπουδαίαν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w>.
7
<w lemma="a%29lla%2F">ἀλλά</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="peisqh%3Dnai">πεισθῆναι</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaios">Τίμαιος</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w>, <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimole%2Fwn">Τιμολέων</w>, <w lemma="pefilodochkw%5Cs">πεφιλοδοξηκὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fa%7C">Σικελίᾳ</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29cuba%2Ffw%7C">ὀξυβάφῳ</w>, <w lemma="su%2Fgkritos">σύγκριτος</w> <w lemma="fanh%3D%7C">φανῇ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftois">ἐπιφανεστάτοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28rw%2Fwn">ἡρώων</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="pragmateuo%2Fmenos">πραγματευόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="parabolh%3Ds">παραβολῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29ciwqh%3Dnai">ἀξιωθῆναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="pepoihme%2Fnois">πεποιημένοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fceis">συντάξεις</w>.
8
<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristote%2Flous">Ἀριστοτέλους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeofra%2Fstou">Θεοφράστου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akallisqe%2Fnous">Καλλισθένους</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29efo%2Frou">Ἐφόρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmoxa%2Frous">Δημοχάρους</w>, <w lemma="i%28kana%5C">ἱκανὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dq%27">ταῦθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fou">Τιμαίου</w> <w lemma="katadromh%2Fn">καταδρομήν</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29filoti%2Fmws">ἀφιλοτίμως</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnous">πεπεισμένους</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqeu%2Fein">ἀληθεύειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fa">συγγραφέα</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>. —
<head>VI. The Faults of Timaeus</head>Timaeus, while vehemently attacking Ephorus, is himself guilty of two grave faults,
the first being that he thus bitterly accuses others of the sins he himself is guilty of, and the second that he shows an utterly depraved mind in publishing such statements in his works and engendering such notions in his readers.
If, indeed, we must admit that Callisthenes deserved to perish as he did under torture, what fate did Timaeus merit? For the wrath of the gods would have fallen on him with much more justice than on Callisthenes.
Callisthenes wished to deify Alexander, but Timaeus makes Timoleon greater than the most illustrious gods;
Callisthenes spoke of a man whose soul, as all admit, had something in it greater than human,
Timaeus of Timoleon who not only never seems to have achieved anything great, but never even to have attempted to do so, and in his whole life accomplished but one move and that by no means important considering the greatness of the world, the move from his country to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>.
The fact, in my opinion, is that Timaeus was sure that if Timoleon, who had sought fame in a mere tea-cup, as it were, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, could be shown to be worthy of comparison with the most illustrious heroes, he himself, who treated only of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, could claim comparison with writers whose works dealt with the whole world and with universal history.
I have now said enough to defend Aristotle, Theophrastus, Callisthenes, Ephorus, and Demochares from the attacks of Timaeus, and the convince those who not having the spirit to challenge the statements of this author place implicit reliance on all he says.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
12.23.0 - 12.28.0
<p rend="Plain Text">Timaeus' methods and the qualities of the historian</p> <p rend="Plain Text">Despite repetition and overlapping both here and in relation to earlier sections, this part of the work shows three divisions:</p> <p rend="Plain Text">(a) Timaeus' errors and lies (24–25 c),</p> <p rend="Plain Text">(b) Timaeus' political and military inexperience (25 d–26 d),</p> <p rend="Plain Text">(c) the cause of Timaeus' faults and the qualities of the good historian (27–28 a).</p> <p rend="Plain Text">See the analysis of Pdech, pp. xxiii–xxvii.</p>
Specifics
12.23.1 - 12.23.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πλείστην . . . καταδρομήν</w>:</emph> not unnaturally, for Ephorus was especially concerned with the west (FGH, 70 F 129–41), <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>, and north <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a> (c f. Pdech, ad loc.). </p>
12.23.2 - 12.23.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οἷς αὐτὸς ἔνοχός ἐστι</w>:</emph> cf. 12 b 1. The charge against Timaeus is made in reference to his criticism of Ephorus, but supported by comparing his attack on Callisthenes for flattering Alexander (cf. 12 b 2) with his own glorification of Timoleon (§§ 4–6)a theme which is in turn twisted to buttress up a little self-glorification by </p> <p rend="Plain Text">P. himself (§ 7).</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοιαύτας ἀποφάσεις</w>:</emph> the precise nature of Timaeus' abuse of Ephorus is not known, but its character may be guessed from the kind of things he said against Callisthenes (12 b 2), Demochares (13–14), and Agathocles (15). P.'s remarks suggest something more than the accusation of falsehood mentioned by Iosephus (Ap. i. 16 = FGH, 70 T 30), . . . <w lang="el-GR">τίνα τρόπον Ἔφορος μὲν Ἑλλάνικον ἐν τοῖς πλείστοις ψευδόμενον ἐπιδείκνυσιν, Ἔφορον δὲ Τίμαιος</w>. </p>
12.23.3 - 12.23.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Καλλισθένην . . . εἰκότως κολασθέντα μεταλλάξαι</w>:</emph> for corrupting the mind of Alexander and attempting to deify him (12 b 2 n.). According to Arrian (iv. 10. 2), Callisthenes claimed that <w lang="el-GR">τοῦ θείου τὴν μετουσίαν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ οὐκ ἐξ ὧν Ὀλυμπιὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ψεύδεται ἀνηρτῆσθαι, ἀλλ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">ἐξ ὧν ἂν αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ Ἀλεξάνδρου ξυγγράψας ἐ?ξενέγκῃ ἐς ἀνθρώπους</w>. Tarn (Alex. ii. 358) suggests that by his flattery he hoped to persuade Alexander to rebuild Olynthus, his native city, which, according to Plut. Alex. 53. 1 (= FGH, 124 T 7), he alleged to be his aim. P. approves of Callisthenes' execution, but mainly to concede Timaeus' point (12 b 2, <w lang="el-GR">δικαίως . . . τετευχέναι τιμωρίας)</w> in order to turn it against Timaeus himself. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">νεμεσήσαι τὸ δαιμόνιον</w>:</emph> cf. 12 b 3 n. </p>
12.23.4 - 12.23.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀποθεοῦν Ἀλέξανδρον ἐβουλήθη</w>:</emph> cf. § 3 n. and 12 b 3 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μείζω ποιεῖ Τιμολέοντα τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων θεῶν</w>:</emph> <w lang="el-GR">ποιεῖ</w> is Valesius' suggestion for <w lang="el-GR">ποί</w> P; but Suidas' <w lang="el-GR">ποιεῖν</w> (i.e. after <w lang="el-GR">ἐβουλήθη)</w> gives a good sense and is read by Pdech. On Timoleon of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a> see 4 a 2 n. Our sources for his career all derive from Timaeus' flattering version; cf. Stier, RE, 'Timoleon', col. 1277; Westlake, CQ, 1938, 68 and 72. Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. 27 = FGH, 566 T 13) asserts that Timaeus praised Timoleon immoderately because he had not overthrown the <w lang="el-GR">μοναρχία</w> of his father <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Andromachus&groupId=330&placeId=640">Andromachus</a> at Tauromenium; and certainly <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Andromachus&groupId=330&placeId=640">Andromachus</a> had supported Timoleon and let him use Tauromenium as a base (Plut. Timol. 10. 4–5 = FGH, 566 T 3 b). According to Plutarch (Timol. 36. 1) Timaeus stated that, apart from Timoleon's murder of his brother Timophanes (an act of tyrannicide <milestone unit="page" n="377">[377]</milestone> perpetrated on principle), <w lang="el-GR">οὐδέν ἐστιν ᾧ μὴ τοῦ Σοφοκλέους . . . ἐπιφωνεῖν ἔπρεπεν, ὦ θεοί, τίς ἆρα κύπρις ἢ τίς ἵμερος τοῦδε ξυνήψατο</w>;" His praise of Timoleon was famous: Cicero (fam. v. 12. 7) asks L. Lucceius to compose a monograph on his own deeds, in which case 'ingenium mihi . . . suppeditatum fuerit tuum, sicut Timoleonti a Timaeo aut ab Herodoto Themistocli'. Sintenis (Phil. 1847, 291–2), followed independently by Castiglioni (228–9), proposed <w lang="el-GR">ἡρώων</w> for <w lang="el-GR">θεῶν</w> (cf. § 7), and Naber (Mnem. 1857, 233) <w lang="el-GR">θεῶν παίδων</w>; but <w lang="el-GR">ἐπιφανής</w> is used of gods, and P. is here deliberately exaggerating and uses <w lang="el-GR">θεῶν</w> to take up the point of <w lang="el-GR">ἀποθεοῦν</w>. Moreover, the very phrase <w lang="el-GR">τῶ?ν ἐπιφανεστάτων θεῶν</w> is found on many inscriptions (IG, v. 1. 1179, xiv. 716, 717 and others listed by Pfister, RE, Suppl-B. iv, 'Epiphanie', col. 301). Pdech, ad loc., suggests that Timaeus may here have used the word <w lang="el-GR">ἐπιφανής</w> of Timoleon in the sense 'remarkable' (cf. Herod. ii. 89. 1; Thuc. ii. 43. 3, vi. 72. 2), but it does not follow from P.'s criticism that the word was used by Timaeus at all. </p>
12.23.5 - 12.23.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μεγαλοφυέστερον ἢ κατ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">ἄνθρωπον . . . τῇ ψυχῇ</w>:</emph> cf. vi. 48. 2 (cf. Lycurgus), xxix. 21. 9 (of Demetrius of Phalerum). The phrase is conventional and has no relevance to the question of Alexander's deification. </p>
12.23.6 - 12.23.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μίαν . . . γραμμὴν διανύσαντα</w>:</emph> 'made only a single move'. <w lang="el-GR">γραμμή</w> can mean the finishing line in a race-course, and Schweighaeuser, comparing i. 87. 3, <w lang="el-GR">τὴν ἐσχάτην . . . τρέχειν</w> (cf. xviii. 49. 1), thinks that is the metaphor here, 'he ran only a single race'; so too Mauersberger, s.v. <w lang="el-GR">γραμμή</w>. But the context suggests that P. is thinking of the board-game Five Lines <w lang="el-GR">(ε´ γραμμαί)</w>, common in Greece from early times; it was played on a board with pieces and dice, and resembled backgammon (cf. Lamer, RE, 'lusoria tabula', cols. 1970–3). Wunderer (i. 61, iii. 28–29) seems in error in seeing a reference to the game of <w lang="el-GR">πόλεις</w>; see Pdech, ad loc. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐδὲ σπουδαίαν</w>:</emph> 'of no consequence'. Wunderer (iii. 29) suggests <w lang="el-GR">ποδιαίαν</w> (cf. Plato, Theaet. 147D, <w lang="el-GR">ποδιαία</w>, 'a side a foot long') for <w lang="el-GR">σπουδαίαν</w>; against this is the change in sense of <w lang="el-GR">γραμμή</w> from 'a board division' to 'a line'. On the other hand <w lang="el-GR">ποδιαίαν</w> would give a better sense to <w lang="el-GR">τρόπον τινὰ</w>, since it would not be used literally (cf. 24. 6, 28 a 10). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πρὸς τὸ μέγεθος τῆς οἰκουμένης</w>:</emph> the contrast is not, as Wunderer (iii. 29) suggests, with the covering of the world on the gaming-board, but with the distance Alexander covered and incidentally (see next note) with the area covered in P.'s own history. P. manages to hint that the difference between Alexander and Timoleon is similar to that between himself and the stay-at-home Timaeus. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εις Συρακούσας</w>:</emph> cf. 4 a 2 n.; the date was 344. </p>
12.23.7 - 12.23.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">καθάπερ ἐν ὀξυβάφῳ</w>:</emph> 'as if in a saucer'; perhaps proverbial (cf. von Scala, 283). <milestone unit="page" n="378">[378]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὑπὲρ Ἰταλίας μόνον καὶ Σικελίας</w>:</emph> Suidas ends his excerpt of the present passage with the words <w lang="el-GR">ἔγραψε περὶ Συρί?ας καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ πόλεων καὶ βασιλέων βιβλία Ῡ</w>. But this statement is of doubtful origin and cannot refer to Timaeus, though it appears intended as a reply to what P. says here (cf. Jacoby, FGH, commentary on F 66 T 1). The reference to kings excludes the emendation of <w lang="el-GR">Συρίας</w> to <w lang="el-GR">Ἰταλίας</w> (so C. Clasen, Timaios von Tauromenion, Kiel, 1883, 6). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κἂν αὐτὸς . . . παραβολῆς ἀξιωθῆναι κτλ</w>.:</emph> P. ingeniously uses Timaeus' praise of Timoleon to repeat his old accusation (cf. vii. 7. 6, xxix. 12. 4–5) that writers of monographs exaggerate the importance of their material, in comparison with <w lang="el-GR">τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης . . . πεποιημένοις τὰς πράξεις</w>. </p>
12.23.8 - 12.23.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">περὶ . . . Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ Θεοφράστου καὶ Καλλισθένους</w>:</emph> naturally linked together. See 5–16 n. (cf. 11. 5 n.) for Aristotle and Theophrastus; 12 b 1–3 for Callisthenes. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἐφόρου καὶ Δημοχάρους</w>:</emph> cf. 4 a 3–6 (Ephorus), 13–14 (Demochares). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς ἀφιλοτίμως πεπεισμένους ἀληθεύειν</w>:</emph> 'those who believe him to be unprejudiced and truthful'; despite the word order <w lang="el-GR">ἀφιλοτίμως</w> goes better with <w lang="el-GR">ἀληθεύειν</w> (so Schweighaeuser, Shuckburgh, Mauersberger, alii) than with <w lang="el-GR">πεπεισμένους</w> ('through lack of spirit', Reiske, Paton, Pdech). </p>

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