Polybius, Histories

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Book 11 - Chapter 22

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<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="kexrh%3Dsqai">κεχρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="strathgh%2Fmasin">στρατηγήμασιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w>.
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<w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="o%29ye%5C">ὀψὲ</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenon">ποιούμενον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29cagwga%2Fs">ἐξαγωγάς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsous">μέσους</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuas">Λίβυας</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="protiqe%2Fmenon">προτιθέμενον</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29wqw%5Cs">εἰωθὼς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fra%7C">ὥρᾳ</w> <w lemma="prosanatei%2Fnein">προσανατείνειν</w>,
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsous">μέσους</w> <w lemma="a%29ntita%2Fttein">ἀντιτάττειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbusi">Λίβυσι</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w> <w lemma="paremba%2Fllein">παρεμβάλλειν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="proe%2Fqeto">προέθετο</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra%7C">ἡμέρᾳ</w>, <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsas">ποιήσας</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Frghse">συνήργησε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Frais">σφετέραις</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesi">δυνάμεσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fga">ὀλίγα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29la%2Fttwse">ἠλάττωσε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="diapemya%2Fmenos">διαπεμψάμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28phre%2Ftas">ὑπηρέτας</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxois">χιλιάρχοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftais">στρατιώταις</w> <w lemma="a%29ristopoihsame%2Fnous">ἀριστοποιησαμένους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqoplisame%2Fnous">καθοπλισαμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29ca%2Fgein">ἐξάγειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frakos">χάρακος</w>.
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<w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqu%2Fmws">προθύμως</w> <w lemma="peiqarxhsa%2Fntwn">πειθαρχησάντων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fnoian">ὑπόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w> <w lemma="proape%2Fsteile">προαπέστειλε</w>, <w lemma="sunta%2Fcas">συντάξας</w> <w lemma="e%29ggi%2Fzein">ἐγγίζειν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3D%7C">παρεμβολῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosakroboli%2Fzesqai">προσακροβολίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="qrase%2Fws">θρασέως</w>,
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Flion">ἥλιον</w> <w lemma="a%29natolh%3Ds">ἀνατολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifainome%2Fnhs">ἐπιφαινομένης</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fson">μέσον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fon">πεδίον</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fttwn">τάττων</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fws">ἐναντίως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fsqen:">πρόσθεν·</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsous">μέσους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29ti%2Fqei">ἐτίθει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>.
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Ffnw">ἄφνω</w> <w lemma="suneggizo%2Fntwn">συνεγγιζόντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhs">ἄλλης</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29ktattome%2Fnhs">ἐκταττομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fyei">ὄψει</w>, <w lemma="mo%2Flis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fqh">ἐδόθη</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kaqopli%2Fsasqai">καθοπλίσασθαι</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fsqhsan">ἠναγκάσθησαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="nh%2Fsteis">νήστεις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="a%29paraskeu%2Fws">ἀπαρασκεύως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w> <w lemma="e%29pafie%2Fnai">ἐπαφιέναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppeu%3Dsi">ἱππεῦσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezika%5Cs">πεζικὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fttein">παρατάττειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parwrei%2Fas">παρωρείας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdois">ἐπιπέδοις</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fktacin">ἔκταξιν</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmenon">ἔμενον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes:">ἔχοντες·</w> <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fbaine">προύβαινε</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnwn">εὐζώνων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkritos">ἄκριτος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frisos">πάρισος</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%5C">συμπλοκὴ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="piezome%2Fnous">πιεζομένους</w> <w lemma="katafeu%2Fgontas">καταφεύγοντας</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggas">φάλαγγας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="thnikau%3Dta">τηνικαῦτα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diadeca%2Fmenos">διαδεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diasthma%2Ftwn">διαστημάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fais">σημαίαις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fsw">εἴσω</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolizome%2Fnous">ἀκροβολιζομένους</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fsas">μερίσας</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fras">κέρας</w> <w lemma="o%29pi%2Fsw">ὀπίσω</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paratetagme%2Fnwn">παρατεταγμένων</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="grosfoma%2Fxous">γροσφομάχους</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Fllei">ἐπιβάλλει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="metwphdo%5Cn">μετωπηδὸν</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon:">ἔφοδον·</w>
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<w lemma="a%29posxw%5Cn">ἀποσχὼν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tetrasta%2Fdion">τετραστάδιον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="throu%3Dntas">τηροῦντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pagwgh%5Cn">ἐπαγωγὴν</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="deciw%3D%7C">δεξιῷ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Flas">ἴλας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi">ἐπι</w>
On this occasion we see Scipio employing two different stratagems.
Observing that Hasdrubal always brought ship troops out of camp at a late hour and drew them up with the Libyans in the centre and the elephants in front of the two wings, and having himself been in the habit of delaying until a later hour
and of opposing the Romans to the Libyans in the centre and stationing the Spaniards on his wings, he acted on the day on which he had decided to deliver the decisive battle in a precisely opposite manner, and thus much contributed to the victory of his own army and the discomfiture of the enemy.
For as soon as it was light he sent a message by his aides-de-camp to all the tribunes and soldiers to take their morning meal and arm themselves and march out of the camp.
When this was done, all showing great zeal in carrying out the order, as they suspected what was in the wind, he sent on the cavalry and light infantry with orders to get close up to the enemy's camp and shoot at him boldly, while he himself with his infantry advanced just as the sun was rising, and when he reached the middle of the plain, formed in order of battle, disposing his troops in an order contrary to that which he had previously used, as he placed the Spaniards in the centre and the Romans on the wings.
The Carthaginians, upon the enemy's cavalry coming suddenly up to their camp and the rest of his army forming up in full view, scarcely had time to arm themselves.
So that Hasdrubal, with his men still fasting, was obliged on the spur of the moment and without any preparation to send off his own cavalry and light infantry to engage those of the enemy on the plain and to draw up his heavy infantry on the level ground at no great distance from the foot of the hill, as was his usual practice.
For a certain time the Romans remained inactive, but when, as the day advanced, there was no decisive advantage on either side in the engagement of the light-armed troops, those who were hard pressed always retreating to the shelter of their respective phalanxes and then issuing forth again to resume the combat,
Scipio receiving the skirmishers through the intervals between his cohorts distributed them on his wings behind his infantry, placing the velites in front with the horse behind them. At first he made a direct frontal advance,
but when at a distance of four stades from the enemy he ordered the Spaniards to continue advantage in the same order but the infantry and cavalry on the right wing to wheel to the right and those of the left wing to wheel to the left.