Polybius, Histories
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Book 1 - Chapter 24

1
<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipepoihme%2Fnoi">ἀντιπεποιημένοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w>, <w lemma="diplasi%2Fws">διπλασίως</w> <w lemma="e%29perrw%2Fsqhsan">ἐπερρώσθησαν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>.
2
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prossxo%2Fntes">προσσχόντες</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fa%7C">Σικελίᾳ</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29gestai%2Fwn">Αἰγεσταίων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flusan">ἔλυσαν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29sxa%2Ftws">ἐσχάτως</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="diakeime%2Fnwn">διακειμένων</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29ge%2Fsths">Αἰγέστης</w> <w lemma="a%29naxw%2Frhsin">ἀναχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fkellan">Μάκελλαν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dlon">εἷλον</w>.
3
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="naumaxi%2Fan">ναυμαχίαν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkas">Ἀμίλκας</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnos">τεταγμένος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pezikw%3Dn">πεζικῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="diatri%2Fbwn">διατρίβων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fnormon">Πάνορμον</w>, <w lemma="gnou%5Cs">γνοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+koi%3Ds">Ῥωμαϊκοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="stasia%2Fzontas">στασιάζοντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxais">μάχαις</w> <w lemma="prwtei%2Fwn">πρωτείων</w>,
4
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="punqano%2Fmenos">πυνθανόμενος</w> <w lemma="stratopedeu%2Fein">στρατοπεδεύειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%5Cs">ἑαυτοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aparw%2Fpou">Παρώπου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqermw%3Dn">Θερμῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28imerai%2Fwn">Ἱμεραίων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pipesw%5Cn">ἐπιπεσὼν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ai%29fnidi%2Fws">αἰφνιδίως</w> <w lemma="a%29nastratopedeu%2Fousi">ἀναστρατοπεδεύουσι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fkteinen">ἀπέκτεινεν</w>.
5
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="diaswqei%2Fsas">διασωθείσας</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fpleusen">ἀπέπλευσεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>, <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dqen">ἐκεῖθεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fna">Σαρδόνα</w> <w lemma="dih%3Dre">διῆρε</w>, <w lemma="proslabw%5Cn">προσλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ndo%2Fcwn">ἐνδόξων</w> <w lemma="trihra%2Frxwn">τριηράρχων</w>.
6
<w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fni">Σαρδόνι</w> <w lemma="sugkleisqei%5Cs">συγκλεισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="tini">τινι</w> <w lemma="lime%2Fni">λιμένι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%5Cs">πολλὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalw%5Cn">ἀποβαλὼν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="new%3Dn">νεῶν</w>, <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="sullhfqei%5Cs">συλληφθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diaswqe%2Fntwn">διασωθέντων</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="a%29nestaurw%2Fqh">ἀνεσταυρώθη</w>.
7
<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fyanto">ἥψαντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fna">Σαρδόνα</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="a%29ntei%2Fxonto">ἀντείχοντο</w>.
8
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fa%7C">Σικελίᾳ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29niauto%5Cn">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fcion">ἄξιον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpracan">ἔπραξαν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgou">λόγου</w>,
9
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosdeca%2Fmenoi">προσδεξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pikaqestame%2Fnous">ἐπικαθεσταμένους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontas">ἄρχοντας</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29%3Dlon">Αὖλον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ati%2Flion">Ἀτίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Asolpi%2Fkion">Σολπίκιον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsan">ὥρμησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fnormon">Πάνορμον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="paraxeima%2Fzein">παραχειμάζειν</w>.
10
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsantes">συνεγγίσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="pareta%2Fcanto">παρετάξαντο</w>. <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29ntecio%2Fntwn">ἀντεξιόντων</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%3Dqen">ἐντεῦθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippa%2Fnan">Ἱππάναν</w>,
11
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flabon">ἔλαβον</w>, <w lemma="ei%28%3Dlon">εἷλον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amutti%2Fstraton">Μυττίστρατον</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="u%28pomemenhko%5Cs">ὑπομεμενηκὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29xuro%2Fthta">ὀχυρότητα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w>.
12
<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akamarinai%2Fwn">Καμαριναίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="mikrw%3D%7C">μικρῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%3Dsan">ἀποστᾶσαν</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="prosene%2Fgkantes">προσενέγκαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frga">ἔργα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katabalo%2Fntes">καταβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxh">τείχη</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxon:">κατέσχον·</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fennan">Ἔνναν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Ftera">ἕτερα</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="polisma%2Ftia">πολισμάτια</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>.
13
<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="%2Aliparai%2Fous">Λιπαραίους</w> <w lemma="e%29pexei%2Frhsan">ἐπεχείρησαν</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w>.
When the Romans had thus, contrary to all expectation, gained the prospect of success at sea their determination to prosecute the war became twice as strong.
On this occasion they put in on the coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, raised the siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Segesta&groupId=961&placeId=1706">Segesta</a> which was in the last stage of distress, and in leaving <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Segesta&groupId=961&placeId=1706">Segesta</a> took the city of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macella&groupId=724&placeId=1328">Macella</a> by assault.
After the battle at sea Hamilcar, the Carthaginian commander of their land forces, who was quartered in the neighbourhood of Panormus, heard that in the Roman camp the allies and the Romans were at variance as to which had most distinguished themselves in the battles,
and that the allies were encamped by themselves between the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Paropus&groupId=845&placeId=1525">Paropus</a> and the Hot Springs of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Himera&groupId=632&placeId=1163">Himera</a>. Suddenly falling on them with his whole force as they were breaking up their camp he killed about four thousand.
After this action Hannibal with the ships that escaped sailed away to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> and shortly after crossed from there to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>, taking with him additional ships and some of the most celebrated naval officers.
Not long afterwards he was blockaded in one of the harbours of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> by the Romans and after losing many of his ships was summarily arrested by the surviving Carthaginians and crucified.
The Romans, I should explain, from the moment they concerned themselves with the sea, began to entertain designs on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>.
The Roman troops in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> did nothing worthy of note during the following year;
but at its close when they had received their new commanders the Consuls of next year, Aulus Atilius and Gaius Sulpicius, they started to attack Panormus, because the Carthaginian forces were wintering there.
The Consuls, when they got close up to the city, offered battle with their whole forces, but as the enemy did not come out to meet them they left Panormus and went off to attack <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a>.
This city they took by assault and they also took <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Myttistratum&groupId=783&placeId=1418">Myttistratum</a> which withstood the siege for long owing to its strong situation.
They then occupied Camarina which had lately deserted their cause, bringing up a siege battery and making a breach in the wall. They similarly took <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Enna&groupId=568&placeId=1063">Enna</a> and several other small places belonging to the Carthaginians,
and when they had finished with these operations they undertook the siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lipara&groupId=692&placeId=1266">Lipara</a>.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
1.12.0 - 1.64.0
<p>The First Punic War</p>
1.24.5 - 1.24.7
<p> Hannibal in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>. These paragraphs are fully discussed by Leuze (Klio, 1910, 406–44). P.'s purpose, he points out, is not to recount the Roman action in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> so much as to round off the story of Hannibal: hence his neglect of chronology and return to 259 in § 8 <w lang="el-GR">(κατὰ τὸν ἑξῆς ἐνιαντόν)</w>. After his return to Carthagefor a worthless anecdote on how he avoided punishment for his defeat see Diod. xxiii. 10. 1; Val. Max. vii. 3 ext. 7; Dio, fr. 43. 18; Zon. viii. 11; auct. de uir. ill. 38Hannibal crossed to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>, probably in 258; the arrival of his squadron will have caused the return to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> of L. Scipio, who triumphed 'de Poenis et Sardin. Corsica V id. mart'. (act. tr.): his achievements are celebrated in his verse <milestone unit="page" n="80">[80]</milestone> elogium (CIL. i <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 2. 8 and 9 = ILS, 2 and 3): </p> <p rend="Body Text 2">Hec cepit Corsica Aleriaque urbe,dedet Tempestatebus aide mereto[d.</p> <p>Scipio, who was consul in 259, is omitted by P., who is almost certainly following Philinus. Hannibal's defeat was at the hands of C. Sulpicius Paterculus, consul in 258 (24. 9 n.), near Sulci, Zon. viii. 12. On his crucifixion see Livy, ep. 17 (he was stoned to death according to Orosius (iv. 8. 4)).</p>
1.24.11 - 1.24.11
<p> had twice before been besieged by the Romans (§ 2 n.); it was now burnt, and its population enslaved (though the Punic garrison escaped) (Diod. xxiii. 9. 4; Zon. viii. 11). Coins inscribed <emph rend="bold">MYTI</emph> have been found near Marianopoli (near S. Caterina Villarmosa, 30 km. west of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Enna&groupId=568&placeId=1063">Enna</a>), which probably belong to this town. Pliny, Nat. hist. iii. 91, mentions the Mutustratini as stipendiarii. Ziegler, RE, 'Mytistraton', cols. 1427–8; Holm, Gesch. Sic. iii. 663. </p>
Specifics
1.24.2 - 1.24.2
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τήν τ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">Αἰγεσταίων . . . πολιορκίαν</w>:</emph> Zon. viii. 11 records a Roman defeat before <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Segesta&groupId=961&placeId=1706">Segesta</a> under a C. Caecilius, apparently about the time of Scipio's disaster; but like P. he puts the raising of the siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Segesta&groupId=961&placeId=1706">Segesta</a> after Mylae. The columna rostrata inscription mentions both this and the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macella&groupId=724&placeId=1328">Macella</a> before the naval action: </p> <p>[Secest]ano[sque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . op-</p> <p>[sidione]d exemet lecione[sque Cartaciniensis omnis</p> <p>[ma]ximosque macistr[a]tos l[uci palam post dies</p> <p>[no]uem castreis exfociont, Macel[amque opidom ui</p> <p>[p]ucnandod cepet. enque eodem mac[istratud bene</p> <p>[r]em nauebos marid consol primos c[eset copiasque</p> <p>[c]lasesque nauales primos ornauet pa[rauetque], etc.</p> <p> Likewise the act. tr. record Duilius' triumph de Sicul. et clas. Poenica. <milestone unit="page" n="79">[79]</milestone> It is quite possible that Duilius' land campaign in fact preceded Mylae (De Sanctis, iii. 1. 127): it included the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macella&groupId=724&placeId=1328">Macella</a> (perhaps Macellaro, near Camporeale, about 15 miles east of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Segesta&groupId=961&placeId=1706">Segesta</a>: Ziegler, RE, 'Makella', cols. 772–3), on which the Romans had made one vain assault after the peace with Hiero (17. 5 n.; Diod. xxiii. 4. 2), and perhaps an unsuccessful attempt on Mytistratum, which eventually fell in 258 (Diod. xxiii. 9. 3–4): De Sanctis, ibid. For a defence of the order of events given in P. see Thiel, Hist. 187–9, who argues that both Duilius' inscription and the act. tr. follow the order terra marique. </p>
1.24.3 - 1.24.3
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀμίλκας? . . . ὁ τεταγμένος ἐπὶ τῶν πεζικῶν δυνάμεων</w>:</emph> this Hamilcar, who succeeded Hanno after the fall of Agrigentum, and defeated C. Caecilius (24. 2 n.), later plays an important role in the war. An ancient tradition identified him with Hamilcar Barca; but in 56. 1 P. introduces the latter as a new figure, and the identification (cf. Cic. off. iii. 99; Zon. viii. 10) is to be rejected: Meltzer, ii. 570; De Sanctis, iii. 1. 124 n. 59; and (less certain) Lenschau, RE, 'Hamilkar (6)', cols. 2302–3. </p> <p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">στασιάζοντας τοὺς συμμάχους</w>:</emph> probably Sicilians, not Italian socii (Meltzer, ii. 282; Niese, ii. 185 n. 3). On the ensuing Carthaginian victory see Diod. xxiii. 9. 4. Despite his figure for the Roman losses (6,000)which may well be unreliable in our abridged versionit seems likely that P. and Diodorus have the same source; and this will be Philinus, who is more likely than Fabius to report the discreditable quarrel between the Romans and their allies (Leuze, Klio, 1910, 438; Bung, 100 f. against De Sanctis, iii. 1. 133 n. 85, and others). <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Paropus&groupId=845&placeId=1525">Paropus</a> (a town, not a river, as Paton) is perhaps to be identified with ruins on the R. Roccella, just west of modern Collesano (Holm, Gesch. Sic. i. 71). The battle was probably in the coastal plain east of Thermae (modern Termini); its date is 260/59, and probably spring 259 (Duilius has apparently returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, where he triumphed, February 259). According to Diodorus Hamilcar followed up his success by taking a fortress called <w lang="el-GR">Μάζαριν</w> (perhaps Mazara between Selinus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lilybaeum&groupId=690&placeId=1261">Lilybaeum</a>; Meltzer, ii. 566–7). </p>
1.24.8 - 1.24.8
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐδὲν ἄξιον . . . λόγου</w>:</emph> Mylae had made no fundamental change in the situation in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, and the dispersal of forces to include <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> had caused some deterioration. Of the consuls for A.U.C. 495 = 259/8 B.C., L. Cornelius L.f. Cn.n. Scipio and C. Aquillius M.f. C.n. Florus (Mnzer, RE, 'Cornelius (323)', cols. 1428–31; Klebs, RE, 'Aquilius (20)', col. 327), the former was sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>, the latter to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, where the Carthaginians recovered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Enna&groupId=568&placeId=1063">Enna</a> and Camarina (§ 12) and, in the west, fortified <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Drepana&groupId=544&placeId=1023">Drepana</a> and transferred to it the population of Eryx (Diod. xxiii. 9. 4). This latter step Zonaras (viii. 11) dates just prior to Florus' wintering in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, 259/8 (an innovation deemed necessary to prevent Hamilcar's reducing the whole island!). On the Roman disaster at Thermae see § 4. </p>
1.24.9 - 1.24.9
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">προσδεξάμενοι τοὺς ἐπικαθεσταμένους ἄρχοντας</w>:</emph> the consuls for A.U.C. 496 = 258/7 B.C., A. Atilius A.f. C.n. Caiatinus and C. Sulpicius Q.f. Q.n. Paterculus (Klebs, RE, 'Atilius (36)', cols. 2079–81; Mnzer, RE, 'Sulpicius (81)', cols. 816–17). But Sulpicius' triumph de Poeneis et Sardeis (act. tr.) confirms Zonaras' statement (viii. 12) that he was sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>. In <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> Florus appears to have been joined by Caiatinus in the summer, where consul and proconsul attacked Panormus together. Florus triumphed as proconsul de Poeneis IV non. oct. (258). In Klio, 1910, 431 ff., Leuze argued unconvincingly that <w lang="el-GR">προσδεξάμενοι</w> means 'awaiting', that Florus operated alone until he was relieved by Caiatinus in September, and that <w lang="el-GR">οἱ στρατηγοί</w> (§ 10) can refer to a single general. Clearly P. is wrong, and his error may well go back to a failure in his source (probably Fabius: Bung, 103–4) to distinguish consul and proconsul. </p> <p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὸ . . . παραχειμάζειν</w>:</emph> since the attack was after Caiatinus' arrival, i.e. June at the earliest, the expression cannot be pressed; evidently the Carthaginians had made no move from their winter quarters of 259/8. </p>
1.24.10 - 1.24.10
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἱππάναν</w>:</emph> identical with <w lang="el-GR">Σιττάνα</w>, whose capture the abbreviated Diodorus (xxiii. 9. 5) puts after that of Camarina, i.e. in 259. Holm's identification (Gesch. Sic. iii. 347–8) with Mte Castellacio near Termini is wholly hypothetical; but a coin showing a dolphin and a mussel, with the legend <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ι</w>§<w lang="el-GR">Γ ΑΝΑΤΑΝ</w>,</emph> suggests that it lay on the coast (Holm, ibid. iii. 603 no. 122). Cf. Ziegler, RE, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a>', col. 1662. On the site of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a> see the discussion of Manni and Tusa in the works mentioned in Anne phil. 1962, 160. On <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a>, which is still unidentified, see P. Collura, Sicilia archeologica, 15, Sept. 1971, 38–42, who points out that in twelfth- to fourteenth-century documents the Montagna dei Cavalli (S. Lorenzo) opposite Prizzi, is referred to as Ipano or Ipana. <milestone unit="page" n="81">[81]</milestone> </p>
1.24.12 - 1.24.12
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἔνναν κτλ</w>.:</emph> see above § 8 n. Auct. de uir. ill. 39 describes the recovery of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Enna&groupId=568&placeId=1063">Enna</a> with much fantastic detail. Of the other <w lang="el-GR">πολισμάτια</w> Diod. xxiii. 9. 5 mentions Camicus and Erbessus, both in the territory of Agrigentum. </p>
1.24.13 - 1.24.13
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Λιπαραίους ἐπεχείρησαν πολιορκεῖν</w>:</emph> evidently a failure; cf. Zon. viii. 12, <w lang="el-GR">νυκτὸς δὲ λαθὼν προκατέσχεν αὐτὴν</w> (i.e. <w lang="el-GR">Λιπάραν) . . . καὶ ἐπεξελθὼ?ν αἰφνιδίως πολλοὺς διέφθειρε</w> . </p>
Addenda & corrigenda
1.24.10 - 1.24.10
<p rend="Plain Text">on the site of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a> see the discussion of Manni and Tusa in the works mentioned in Anne phil. 1962, 160.</p>
1.24.10 - 1.24.10
<p rend="Plain Text">on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hippana&groupId=633&placeId=1164">Hippana</a>, which is still unidentified, see P. Collura, Sicilia archeologica, 15, Sept. 1971, 38–42, who points out that in twelfth- to fourteenth-century documents the Montagna dei Cavalli (S. Lorenzo) opposite Prizzi, is referred to as Ipano or Ipana.</p>

Commentary