Polybius, Histories

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Book 1 - Chapter 21

1
<w lemma="qhsan">θησαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>. <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pimele%5Cs">ἐπιμελὲς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nauphgi%2Fas">ναυπηγίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ploi%2Fwn">πλοίων</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%2Fn">κατασκευήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plhrw%2Fmata">πληρώματα</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantes">συναθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29di%2Fdaskon">ἐδίδασκον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="gh%3D%7C">γῇ</w> <w lemma="kwphlatei%3Dn">κωπηλατεῖν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton:">τοῦτον·</w>
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<w lemma="kaqi%2Fsantes">καθίσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29resiw%3Dn">εἰρεσιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="xe%2Frsw%7C">χέρσῳ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontas">ἔχοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ploi%2Fwn">πλοίων</w> <w lemma="kaqe%2Fdrais">καθέδραις</w>, <w lemma="me%2Fson">μέσον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="sth%2Fsantes">στήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="keleusth%2Fn">κελευστήν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="a%29napi%2Fptein">ἀναπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgontas">ἄγοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="proneu%2Fein">προνεύειν</w> <w lemma="e%29cwqou%3Dntas">ἐξωθοῦντας</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="sunei%2Fqizon">συνείθιζον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxesqai%2F">ἄρχεσθαί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fgein">λήγειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kinh%2Fsewn">κινήσεων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="keleustou%3D">κελευστοῦ</w> <w lemma="paragge%2Flmata">παραγγέλματα</w>. <w lemma="prokataskeuasqe%2Fntwn">προκατασκευασθέντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="suntelesqh%3Dnai">συντελεσθῆναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="kaqelku%2Fsantes">καθελκύσαντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%2Fas">ἀληθείας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftth%7C">θαλάττῃ</w> <w lemma="peiraqe%2Fntes">πειραθέντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpleon">ἔπλεον</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fstagma">πρόσταγμα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nautikh%3Ds">ναυτικῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnos">τεταγμένος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fios">Γνάιος</w> <w lemma="%2Akornh%2Flios">Κορνήλιος</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgais">ὀλίγαις</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>, <w lemma="sunta%2Fcas">συντάξας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="naua%2Frxois">ναυάρχοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="katarti%2Fswsi">καταρτίσωσι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flon">στόλον</w>, <w lemma="plei%3Dn">πλεῖν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="porqmo%2Fn">πορθμόν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxqei%5Cs">ἀναχθεὶς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="new%3Dn">νεῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakai%2Fdeka">ἑπτακαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="prokate%2Fpleusen">προκατέπλευσεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amessh%2Fnhn">Μεσσήνην</w>, <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="katepei%2Fgonta">κατεπείγοντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsai">παρασκευάσαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flw%7C">στόλῳ</w>.
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<w lemma="prospesou%2Fshs">προσπεσούσης</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcews">πράξεως</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aliparai%2Fwn">Λιπαραίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="deca%2Fmenos">δεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="proxeiro%2Fteron">προχειρότερον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fontos">δέοντος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fplei">ἔπλει</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnais">προειρημέναις</w> <w lemma="nausi%5C">ναυσὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqwrmi%2Fsqh">καθωρμίσθη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w>, <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Apano%2Frmw%7C">Πανόρμῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%5Cs">γεγονὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29caposte%2Fllei">ἐξαποστέλλει</w> <w lemma="%2Abow%2Fdh">Βοώδη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gerousi%2Fas">γερουσίας</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w>, <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="dou%2Fs">δούς</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipleu%2Fsas">ἐπιπλεύσας</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="lime%2Fni">λιμένι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fkleise">συνέκλεισε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fion">Γνάιον</w>. <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="plhrw%2Fmata">πληρώματα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="fugh%5Cn">φυγὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsen">ὥρμησεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fios">Γνάιος</w> <w lemma="e%29kplagh%5Cs">ἐκπλαγὴς</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fdwken">παρέδωκεν</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="u%28poxei%2Frion">ὑποχείριον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%3Dran">ἀπῆραν</w>.
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<w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polla%5Cs">πολλὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29nargou%3Ds">ἐναργοῦς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntos">ὄντος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosfa%2Ftou">προσφάτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fion">Γνάιον</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxh%2Fmatos">ἀτυχήματος</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Frthma">ἁμάρτημα</w> <w lemma="profanw%3Ds">προφανῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpesen">ἐνέπεσεν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flon">στόλον</w> <w lemma="komizo%2Fmenon">κομιζόμενον</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="katidei%3Dn">κατιδεῖν</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="su%2Fntacin">σύνταξιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w>, <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="penth%2Fkonta">πεντήκοντα</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="e%29piplei%3D">ἐπιπλεῖ</w>.
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<w lemma="ka%2Fmptwn">κάμπτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="a%29krwth%2Frion">ἀκρωτήριον</w> <w lemma="e%29mpi%2Fptei">ἐμπίπτει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fsmw%7C">κόσμῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcei">τάξει</w> <w lemma="poioume%2Fnois">ποιουμένοις</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbale">ἀπέβαλε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="new%3Dn">νεῶν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28poleifqeisw%3Dn">ὑπολειφθεισῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nelpi%2Fstws">ἀνελπίστως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffugen">διέφυγεν</w>.
Now, however, those to whom the construction of ships was committed were busy in getting them ready, and those who had collected the crews were teaching them to row on shore in the following fashion.
Making the men sit on rowers' benches on dry land, in the same order as on the benches of the ships themselves, they accustomed them to fall back all at once bringing their hands up to them, and again to come forward pushing out their hands, and to begin and finish these movements at the word of command of the fugle-man.
When the crews had been trained, they launched the ships as soon as they were completed, and having practised for a brief time actual rowing at sea, they sailed<note place="end" resp="tr" id="note1"><emph rend="bold">they sailed:</emph>It is often necessary to use the word "sail," but it should be borne in mind that the ships were propelled chiefly by oars.</note>along the coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> as their commander had ordered.
For the Consul appointed by the Romans to the command of their naval force, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, had a few days previously given orders to the captains to sail in the direction of the Straits whenever the fleet was ready, while he himself, putting to sea with seventeen ships, preceded them to Messene, being anxious to provided for all the urgent needs of the fleet.
While there a proposal happened to be made to him with regard to the city of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lipara&groupId=692&placeId=1266">Lipara</a>, and embracing the prospect with undue eagerness he sailed with the above-mentioned ships and anchored off the town.
The Carthaginian general Hannibal, hearing at Panormus what had happened, sent off Boödes, a member of the Senate, giving him twenty ships.
Boödes sailed up to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lipara&groupId=692&placeId=1266">Lipara</a> at night and shut up Gnaeus in the harbour. When day dawned the Roman crews hastily took refuge on land, and Gnaeus, falling into a state of terror and being unable to do anything, finally surrendered to the enemy.
The Carthaginians now set off at once to rejoin Hannibal with the captured ships and commander of the enemy.
But a few days later, though Gnaeus' disaster was so signal and recent, Hannibal himself came very near falling into the same error with his eyes open.
For hearing that the Roman fleet which was sailing along the coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> was near at hand, and wishing to get a glimpse of the numbers and general disposition of the enemy, he sailed towards them with fifty ships.
As he was rounding the Cape of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> he came upon the enemy sailing in good order and trim. He lost most of his ships and escaped himself with the remainder, which was more than he expected or hoped.