Bibliography


Title: Rome "Quatrième empire" et le symbole du porc
Secondary Title: Hellenica et Judaica. Hommage à Valentin Nikiprowetzky
Author: Hadas-Lebel, Mireille
Pages: 297-312
Type: Book Section
Year: 1986
Abstract: "Points out that not only Josephus, II Baruch and IV Esdras, but also the rabbinic writings identify the fourth empire of Daniel with Rome. In many rabbinic texts the wild boar symbolizes Rome (cf. the fourth beast of Daniel 7 and Ps. 80,14). From this animal it was only one step to the 'swine' as such, the symbol of impurity. The identification of Rome with a wild boar or a swine appears to be based on Scripture".
Keywords: Interpretation of the Bible in Ancient Judaism